tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-51055677945456784922024-03-21T13:47:32.905-07:00KANTARATLASEVERYTHING AND ALL ABOUT BRIDGESUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger130125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-54395739963249325682019-05-19T11:35:00.004-07:002019-05-19T11:35:41.095-07:00Yıldız Palace Landcape Bridges<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">I recently discovered interesting bridges through a thesis study of N. Hayrutal posted below. It is amazing as they still survive in fairly good condition and they belong to a different classification as they are used in landscape design of the Ottomans Yıldız Palace.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Garden pool shaped with the imprints of "Hamid" written in Arabic letters.</span></td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdN9KMD0nnSw1mcPnbMCXv5vVJ_es3bkN_vzjxievgDC_GO_xVlqSk9hyYa9kyFZze4YIdE8I98Dh_0D4ouZg6H1vyG4k5bd0wccvChpmqeyPt08qz4EEbamdE6zwn9bvQR9KYDaghSKtj/s1600/Untitled.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Yıldız Palace is in Beşiktaş district of Istanbul. The </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Complex</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> is also home to multiple buildings from different periods, but mainly during the reign of the Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid II.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The Bridges have artificial rustic tree branches for their parapets. This reminds me the first concrete bridge of Monier at Chateu Chazelet dated 1875 with similar parapets of iron frame with concrete covering also in a style known as </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Faux bois. It means, "false wood" in french, </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">refers to the artistic imitation of wood used in various applications.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge: False wood " <span style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;">Faux bois" parapets of the bridge </span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The monumental Harem Door, the Mabeyn fountain and Winter Conservatory were all designed in 1894-95 by the Italian architect Raimondo D’Aronco.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">Therefore D’Aronco can probably be named as the designer of Bridge 1 and I believe Bridge 3 has a significant design and might be his work as well. However as Bridge 2 is a work completed after 1909, </span>which is also the year D’Aronco left Turkey, it <span style="color: #222222;">might have been designed by later architects/engineers. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">This post is the summary from thesis-posted below- which does not provide specific information for bridges. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Three bridges are mentioned in this study and I found old photos of bridges as well. </span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">I also did not have a chance yet to visit these bridges, therefore I can not identify some photos from the bridges and leave them labeled only as "Bridge" to avoid mislabeling and confusion.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1194" data-original-width="421" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcAI0hKTewsDF057pUXKcl_yXazeRbEvDzxTbN8-8oxhyphenhyphen_iEdKfZknwd09UN2Z0YXH5A9ifyMDRpwxY3NntWiNrx8gETxrS8BZP0Q_SgpSYxPc-NMw0mRY-aAf9f5OeVTxYWMfObpsVWec/s400/2.bmp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="136" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Sketch from thesis study of N. Hayrutal, Bridges are 3,2 and 1 numbered from top-down</span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>Bridge 1</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> As the stream looped around the garden there emerged an island in between on the south side. The connection to this island made by a movable bridge, Bridge1. Bridge was made of steel and operated with a rod to open and close the span. Island had some animal shelters and bridge made it possible to control the animals movement.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDQHg58oitv-kziYdONTKCdZ4Lo3F7m16JvksLdtUGMY_qz-ZyQSTidCvm7CiCroJPDOyMWyBIg8upn8GrlqUQshMy5ComHMphompgsG1Inbd0dO_hh6rp2eE5eKhOJIP15O0DpodCvmpZ/s1600/0040156-celik+kons+kopru+korkuluklari.bmp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDQHg58oitv-kziYdONTKCdZ4Lo3F7m16JvksLdtUGMY_qz-ZyQSTidCvm7CiCroJPDOyMWyBIg8upn8GrlqUQshMy5ComHMphompgsG1Inbd0dO_hh6rp2eE5eKhOJIP15O0DpodCvmpZ/s320/0040156-celik+kons+kopru+korkuluklari.bmp" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge-1 Bascule type Movable bridge connected the Island to mainland</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgueTjeLpOX1tlQE5bUBSneaO-JAJhg4vN9ZTabMndUl2cBkR6kMHDzYFUGbRLdq1UiH6GwmyjbZcgepW6f1JJpR3OWeHAnaF2V8Y4IH1nAyWId3QYmu2HEponvySUceUwZVLOCv6mf8vp1/s1600/0040156-celik+kons.bmp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgueTjeLpOX1tlQE5bUBSneaO-JAJhg4vN9ZTabMndUl2cBkR6kMHDzYFUGbRLdq1UiH6GwmyjbZcgepW6f1JJpR3OWeHAnaF2V8Y4IH1nAyWId3QYmu2HEponvySUceUwZVLOCv6mf8vp1/s640/0040156-celik+kons.bmp" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge-1 Iron superstructure with a hinge joint at midspan </span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV9WQ8FVGgL0vZDv483jFPSHLyg7bc-8P5IHAooum4loSHK51kh8XG7xswjXNiN2VERmSKXosBhCje35ggAeDRC4hIGWntlf8leDD9GYyYuJd60xzCPqd-YVq0ic9ashKVbWNUTNBlH7sJ/s1600/0040156.bmp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV9WQ8FVGgL0vZDv483jFPSHLyg7bc-8P5IHAooum4loSHK51kh8XG7xswjXNiN2VERmSKXosBhCje35ggAeDRC4hIGWntlf8leDD9GYyYuJd60xzCPqd-YVq0ic9ashKVbWNUTNBlH7sJ/s320/0040156.bmp" width="240" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge-1 From side view</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>Bridge 2</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">After 1909, the animal shelters were moved from Island. The Whole garden was then redesigned for walking and access. Therefore to create a continuous path, another bridge was added to connect the island to the mainland. Bridge 2 is only shown here for its deck.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge-2 Connecting Island to mainland </span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">This Second bridge leads from the Island kiosk to the Cihannüma Kiosk. It is also made of iron</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>Bridge 3</b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge 3 </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">near Selim fountain </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">is the longest span. The bridge arch is made of iron which forms an elliptical deck and the struts underneath abutting the deck with the diagonals. </span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge 3 from a magazine "Tarih Mecmuas<span style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;">ı</span>" </span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The abutment structs are also iron however timber logs are inserted into the recesses of iron section to provide wooden look. </span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge -3</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Third bridge leads from Selim fountain to the greenhouse.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYWlWcuf89OmLtaTA4TGux4zlCElWMVr3kePlISplrz4TB9sP5EBtTkEFsMQVblS_jO-XF73zA0-YhIhA1Ug8Ks2NngmYctgX0HP-a9n0L32zvSri3llnoup0JBEFcQqgPpjiJW9dnCL2Z/s1600/tumblr_ny0m2aq0ML1tmm2yno3_500.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="352" data-original-width="500" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYWlWcuf89OmLtaTA4TGux4zlCElWMVr3kePlISplrz4TB9sP5EBtTkEFsMQVblS_jO-XF73zA0-YhIhA1Ug8Ks2NngmYctgX0HP-a9n0L32zvSri3llnoup0JBEFcQqgPpjiJW9dnCL2Z/s320/tumblr_ny0m2aq0ML1tmm2yno3_500.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfiiSTqW-wvJ1IUy_cqOFWGCRtXFqjxWDjvwqn5leP22FybDX70Jwm6DMF92Z-uvyJa_CDVAjRleC1EG_4Su58wpyHzcHjepWjygMRQHscjBxAQBSMUaYOM9yFzNiQhD1U5kE00owWZOiz/s1600/22.bmp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfiiSTqW-wvJ1IUy_cqOFWGCRtXFqjxWDjvwqn5leP22FybDX70Jwm6DMF92Z-uvyJa_CDVAjRleC1EG_4Su58wpyHzcHjepWjygMRQHscjBxAQBSMUaYOM9yFzNiQhD1U5kE00owWZOiz/s640/22.bmp" width="480" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge-3 </span></td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQhCHm2VZwSfms4mOVdq2E3hVB-8jiiJLzEN9txA7JtpLFZQX2hL1ahpw3koDf0f_T_QoA6PBRA6tKSEJTOQsUooo-QK_RZgD_pIC_fI0bzrZMvpjGqbqJ7LltORTTXUsMuJ-wTLcCIAQd/s1600/yildiz-palace-istanbul-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="422" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQhCHm2VZwSfms4mOVdq2E3hVB-8jiiJLzEN9txA7JtpLFZQX2hL1ahpw3koDf0f_T_QoA6PBRA6tKSEJTOQsUooo-QK_RZgD_pIC_fI0bzrZMvpjGqbqJ7LltORTTXUsMuJ-wTLcCIAQd/s640/yildiz-palace-istanbul-3.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Location 41.048726 29.011945</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">References:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">https://www.ulusaltezmerkezi.net/yildiz-sarayi-hasbahcesi-orneginde-tarihi-bahcelerin-restorasyon-ilkelerinin-belirlenmesi/140/</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">https://www.academia.edu/38151686/Archival_Documents_as_Tools_for_Restoration_Raimondo_D_Aronco_s_Works_for_Sultan_Abdu_lhamid_II_at_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z_Palace</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">http://eski.istanbulium.net/post/133658004144/y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z-park%C4%B1-1905</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-31066435998455573512019-05-18T08:02:00.001-07:002019-05-18T08:02:23.465-07:00Görmel Bridge<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">A 1378 dated Karamanid
bridge called Görmel which is now sunk in the dam lake of </span><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermenek_Dam" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" title="Ermenek Dam"><span style="background: white; color: #0b0080;">Ermenek Dam</span></a></span><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">. This is the only datable
bridge of Karamanid bridges in the vicinity.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3Kw1vxGW9vRMic-HesGSMELfeH3GxI5c8a-2Jl7V9Byz4nDI8G_zBvakUhU5uY_VjdC42lTOqALWZ7-aGRnguRfjwP_weuZgAfKT3z8a_CTufwD_T-_IZvKGBzdwjV2OL4MAAFEXGz5fn/s1600/110.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1148" data-original-width="1600" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3Kw1vxGW9vRMic-HesGSMELfeH3GxI5c8a-2Jl7V9Byz4nDI8G_zBvakUhU5uY_VjdC42lTOqALWZ7-aGRnguRfjwP_weuZgAfKT3z8a_CTufwD_T-_IZvKGBzdwjV2OL4MAAFEXGz5fn/s640/110.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge from a distance by Ilter (1972)</span></td></tr>
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<span style="background: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge was on
the road from Karaman to Anamur crossing over G<span style="color: black; text-align: left;">ö</span>ksu river. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAOAq2FejkkY8bKkQe1IzEQXb1AbKhFRCOqUqKnvuxu_xlSWj0wRhRucfSA_anpyZu5l5iVsWERsjx-SRyCx20rxhbTMPjZ-dFT3QCMUT0XrfQPNFHWma4CCM4Rz44NX6iqXrZLqXh6UDf/s1600/Binder1_Page_14.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="471" data-original-width="761" height="396" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAOAq2FejkkY8bKkQe1IzEQXb1AbKhFRCOqUqKnvuxu_xlSWj0wRhRucfSA_anpyZu5l5iVsWERsjx-SRyCx20rxhbTMPjZ-dFT3QCMUT0XrfQPNFHWma4CCM4Rz44NX6iqXrZLqXh6UDf/s640/Binder1_Page_14.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 24px;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge before it sunken in Dam Lake- Photo by Özkan, Nurettin</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">When the bridge was expected to be sunk in the Dam, its inscriptions were moved to Konya Museum in the year 2009. Bridge sealed with mud as in Dalaman Bridge for its recovery after the dam completes its design life.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJs7PG1p2G0hoo2ZIY8r2ovb7UDgA6ik2NymxxYU3s_TTX45tSBGLlygV4oM1FcIcG3Xi2LB-qYeN_aza7HAMqYOjqOE09MhgNU37W5QSdWG51G_PcWseynEvjgZfBPwJqUqWz-DKmVtzf/s1600/DCP_2686.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJs7PG1p2G0hoo2ZIY8r2ovb7UDgA6ik2NymxxYU3s_TTX45tSBGLlygV4oM1FcIcG3Xi2LB-qYeN_aza7HAMqYOjqOE09MhgNU37W5QSdWG51G_PcWseynEvjgZfBPwJqUqWz-DKmVtzf/s320/DCP_2686.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 24px;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge from Upstream side -Kantaratlas-2003</span></td></tr>
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<span style="background: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge got its
beauty from its dark yellow colored stone and unique geometry to suit its location. Pier in the middle and the abutments are all resting on rock. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixIEXTfsAhpd61D5iylu6LF8ABx7nk2Zymi-Ps9pX1_1Ye8Da-A4wiK1Xt0o0_XpIYPH0VVS4_PbMa7exOPm4UWXudTjtxmXytlA1wGs8c7GSm6YBmybhO5WxyBWGg3xqS8h6V9e0tZlmq/s1600/DCP_2687.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixIEXTfsAhpd61D5iylu6LF8ABx7nk2Zymi-Ps9pX1_1Ye8Da-A4wiK1Xt0o0_XpIYPH0VVS4_PbMa7exOPm4UWXudTjtxmXytlA1wGs8c7GSm6YBmybhO5WxyBWGg3xqS8h6V9e0tZlmq/s320/DCP_2687.JPG" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 24px;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge from Upstream side -Kantaratlas-2003</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgh7bM0vXUg_jIPn-04pfJ8pLBhNd0IwfLkSmc2hL9IX5skT481QIg-2xgddEjT7CIc3IuEi9b1nlSHCMm5DpzQzCa5IWqNusNLT_bOvf5viyEZuyJDvGCV5mf5gkIwq3mKM9kPolHUUtOV/s1600/DCP_2690.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgh7bM0vXUg_jIPn-04pfJ8pLBhNd0IwfLkSmc2hL9IX5skT481QIg-2xgddEjT7CIc3IuEi9b1nlSHCMm5DpzQzCa5IWqNusNLT_bOvf5viyEZuyJDvGCV5mf5gkIwq3mKM9kPolHUUtOV/s640/DCP_2690.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 24px;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge from Upstream side -Kantaratlas-2003</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibbG4Lz8QBswxJYMR6tBsnzSA1N15bLJu8bI6HzKEGmGgM9G_jxjUQ0Q5PJ9jeGxdhTlXzysh0c4OMh2G3QiyFAvOVVkE5XceyK_D2zNiYkUYad1x0tIQughf6sNXFH9XX83Bl1TnkrMcE/s1600/DCP_2699.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibbG4Lz8QBswxJYMR6tBsnzSA1N15bLJu8bI6HzKEGmGgM9G_jxjUQ0Q5PJ9jeGxdhTlXzysh0c4OMh2G3QiyFAvOVVkE5XceyK_D2zNiYkUYad1x0tIQughf6sNXFH9XX83Bl1TnkrMcE/s400/DCP_2699.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 24px;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge from Downstream side -Kantaratlas-2003</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSEtXwleZw8kN98m-ivEbxJfGGqphmi8PhAaOb4WwltEXhKJBQ-QFY9It_VAUtS1KzPaSMo6hQa_zHMEqt5C35WF54RIo1ByRAQXoybrkQJQNRaoRipQALOMb4qlSrH6rN8alwqFuvi4lc/s1600/DCP_2707.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSEtXwleZw8kN98m-ivEbxJfGGqphmi8PhAaOb4WwltEXhKJBQ-QFY9It_VAUtS1KzPaSMo6hQa_zHMEqt5C35WF54RIo1ByRAQXoybrkQJQNRaoRipQALOMb4qlSrH6rN8alwqFuvi4lc/s640/DCP_2707.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 24px;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge from Downstream side -Kantaratlas-2003</span><br />
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<span style="background: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge was obviously a challenge of its time with the height of 15m above
the gorge bottom level.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Total length of the bridge was 62m. Large span is 21.6m and smaller flood relieving
span was 7.75m. Indeed smaller arch was at such a high level and it might have been
more aimed to save on the material for infill and reduce pressure on the main span.</span></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigziI3wi593gOJxETHYky0Y7-ldp7vZSwFW5riWaHbDMaYxi_97Mxg4a5uk7XCSMAueeOWMpcDPR-WTdI3d4ix9vEqV-gTdijEvYiyzrxjWOETG7aiYjbEcKljAM-BwuD2MG3nXBbDkXrL/s1600/114-Al+Gormel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1121" data-original-width="1600" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigziI3wi593gOJxETHYky0Y7-ldp7vZSwFW5riWaHbDMaYxi_97Mxg4a5uk7XCSMAueeOWMpcDPR-WTdI3d4ix9vEqV-gTdijEvYiyzrxjWOETG7aiYjbEcKljAM-BwuD2MG3nXBbDkXrL/s640/114-Al+Gormel.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Deck Sketch by Yusuf Akfyut (1940)</span></td></tr>
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<span style="background: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Width of the bridge
was originally 4.80m as read from Akyurt’s sketches. In 1970's, it was widened to 5.75m
with cantilevers by KGM.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge had two inscriptions
both on upstream side of the bridge. Construction inscription is above the pier
and the other inscription for the designer of the bridge located on the other side
of the smaller span.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>Construction inscription is 164x267 cm, its text can be translated as follow: </b><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha0XWzWUJvmKx4WHC2eDc5QRcW-VfTgl3FL9nnvzgAZY4Q9RCJGjXaIST-_D1Jzijv_465yHD6aInr3x4-fD0g0j10nGChPdPSREo8WEnBNcgwbh90c6fequ5QsBRb7HD9Ut713C1178Y4/s1600/114.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1061" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha0XWzWUJvmKx4WHC2eDc5QRcW-VfTgl3FL9nnvzgAZY4Q9RCJGjXaIST-_D1Jzijv_465yHD6aInr3x4-fD0g0j10nGChPdPSREo8WEnBNcgwbh90c6fequ5QsBRb7HD9Ut713C1178Y4/s320/114.jpg" width="212" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Construction Inscription by Ilter (1972)</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtZWeIFrKMtnFWKjU2eRIdeWdtGiwPUVG_59ka1U9xG9eIEbxL6pGBziNaAMi2Xd7_FJAWsresiHe7jYq1EaNKzXPS1tIFWu2o5jN_fEpj_1Cjs-g-gCgSo8IjvMChMxKxT02JlEMqCmdy/s1600/Binder1_Page_06.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1173" data-original-width="511" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtZWeIFrKMtnFWKjU2eRIdeWdtGiwPUVG_59ka1U9xG9eIEbxL6pGBziNaAMi2Xd7_FJAWsresiHe7jYq1EaNKzXPS1tIFWu2o5jN_fEpj_1Cjs-g-gCgSo8IjvMChMxKxT02JlEMqCmdy/s320/Binder1_Page_06.jpg" width="139" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Construction Inscription by Halil İbrahim KUNT</span></td></tr>
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<span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">In the inscription the construction
of this blessed bridge has been ordered by Sultan Alaeddin, son of Halil who is
son of Karaman Mahmud, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in the year 1678.
God make his throne forever, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the shadow of God on earth, the carer of
the nation, The conquer's bridge for the safe crossing of the road.”<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh652IJ9j54P4zIssUvTyPMNiSKHFXC0gPSzQLVZ5n4bQPoq7bT8O_KuA0VrvcS6PxCsyYBZdS-WPaKRH7zupb660UBJ9ZQkrXVaR4UvyWYstui-UymQyPEygh0nj7IoP6ZWfdY9QaF9DHS/s1600/Binder1_Page_08.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="741" data-original-width="545" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh652IJ9j54P4zIssUvTyPMNiSKHFXC0gPSzQLVZ5n4bQPoq7bT8O_KuA0VrvcS6PxCsyYBZdS-WPaKRH7zupb660UBJ9ZQkrXVaR4UvyWYstui-UymQyPEygh0nj7IoP6ZWfdY9QaF9DHS/s320/Binder1_Page_08.jpg" width="235" /></a></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfhyZXEjL3YP_Oibz4Z12djpb5muSkAQDfTK2jJhzetMikck7e1pvFBMFh-dTmgY3N-5Od08CS6G3juMwtbETrDkS5MAcnnsBbkNUVAaZkL_R1Oxslz_xvJtDC6s-RVdUdFa-Tu-pzcJcy/s1600/fikri_aktan_WOW_KOPRU_KITABE.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="font-size: 12.8px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="520" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfhyZXEjL3YP_Oibz4Z12djpb5muSkAQDfTK2jJhzetMikck7e1pvFBMFh-dTmgY3N-5Od08CS6G3juMwtbETrDkS5MAcnnsBbkNUVAaZkL_R1Oxslz_xvJtDC6s-RVdUdFa-Tu-pzcJcy/s320/fikri_aktan_WOW_KOPRU_KITABE.jpg" width="184" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Construction Inscription by Halil İbrahim KUNT</span></td></tr>
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<b style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif;">Architect's inscription with 170x145 cm dimensions is as follows:</b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">“<i>Amel</i><i>î</i><i>’l abd</i><i>ü</i><i>’z-zaif S</i><i>ü</i><i>leym</i><i>â</i><i>n bin Y</i><i>û</i><i>suf”. It can be translated as : </i><i>“</i><i>Work of Humble Suleiman son of Yusuf</i><i>”</i><i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXqHFdzyMm-0mAUYYN-UNZj3ug8NC0JQ5iJptFcMOCC0iiHJdu-I-EGuROhCweIldI6YQOaVQO5JvRF74t4vEtI5avt3W6FSvW7SZx9fXB7ozt0oHULQVMktU0aRsFnbH6gnetNBVxp-JA/s1600/113.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1484" data-original-width="1600" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXqHFdzyMm-0mAUYYN-UNZj3ug8NC0JQ5iJptFcMOCC0iiHJdu-I-EGuROhCweIldI6YQOaVQO5JvRF74t4vEtI5avt3W6FSvW7SZx9fXB7ozt0oHULQVMktU0aRsFnbH6gnetNBVxp-JA/s200/113.jpg" width="200" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Designer inscription by Ilter (1972)</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi25N8dPNntmsbL4kYhKbbuxpkJim80oRkkkiFEaUXjgkM3ZwO0EyDQSRzpj6ZO26teQFL7-5c1cx02bvDJ4LxvI0Cogy_DtW1L5XsPFfa-zRO1d9pnro_KQA4ZAdMpGaWn3ojS5BzkmB6S/s1600/Binder1_Page_09.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="742" data-original-width="1370" height="173" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi25N8dPNntmsbL4kYhKbbuxpkJim80oRkkkiFEaUXjgkM3ZwO0EyDQSRzpj6ZO26teQFL7-5c1cx02bvDJ4LxvI0Cogy_DtW1L5XsPFfa-zRO1d9pnro_KQA4ZAdMpGaWn3ojS5BzkmB6S/s320/Binder1_Page_09.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Designer Inscription by Halil İbrahim KUNT</span></td></tr>
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<span style="line-height: 17.12px;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Available documents as posted below and old photos on the bridge provide valuable information and evidence for the heritage value of the bridge.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Location:Sunken in dam Lake-36.545042,32.978669</span></div>
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<span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">References</span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Sevgi PARLAK- Mehmet Ali KAPAR - Halil İbrahim KUNT, Ermenek'te baraj Sulari Altindan KAlan bir Eser: Gormeli Köprü</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Bas, Ali- Remzi Duran, “Karaman Çevresi Yüzey Arastırmaları (Köprüler)”, VI. Ortaçağ ve Türk Dönemi Kazı Sonuçları ve Sanat Tarihi Sempozyumu (08-10 Nisan 2002). </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Ilter, Fügen, Osmanlılara Kadar Anadolu Türk Köprüleri, Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü Matbaası,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Ankara 1978.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Özkan, Nurettin, “Karaman Müzesi Kurtarma Kazısı, Temizlik ve Küçük Onarım Çalısmaları-2009”,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">19. Müze Çalısmaları ve Kurtarma Kazıları Sempozyumu (29.04.-01.05.2010, Ordu), Ankara</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">2011, s. 79-97.</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-11665872247356279342019-05-15T11:00:00.001-07:002019-05-15T11:00:06.349-07:00Balyan Bridge<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">A Remarkable bridge in the middle of Istanbul on the road traveling from Dolmabahce palace to Ortakoy. It was built to connect the gardens of royal Ottoman palaces of Dolmabahce and Yıldız.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZBsupgMeVmgZQ_soWNRzZFTsrsFZqAMWhpMfI9NuxWCGfG7UhUBA6wgo-E-iMwfnSRs4xDRVul39BWm4e-QNihx1ygzQiTWNq4b-oWRebqrn4hzRejHq-C9Ks_l1aIiZu78OMEOZyskYX/s1600/FB_IMG_1554126846483.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="515" data-original-width="720" height="451" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZBsupgMeVmgZQ_soWNRzZFTsrsFZqAMWhpMfI9NuxWCGfG7UhUBA6wgo-E-iMwfnSRs4xDRVul39BWm4e-QNihx1ygzQiTWNq4b-oWRebqrn4hzRejHq-C9Ks_l1aIiZu78OMEOZyskYX/s640/FB_IMG_1554126846483.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">An old photo of the bridge with rail line in the middle - From : Internet</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The bridge was designed by a prominent architect from the Balyan Family, who had been architects for 5 generations and were court <span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">architects in the service of the </span>Ottoman Sultans<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"> during t</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">he 18th and 19th centuries.</span></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkYPcK1l8iSM45lZTXK2PDKP2NzHJYE3xsg_trnLUymk7W4LUFrBbAnN0ZnrTv2VdviK-Vuo4ipJl5f5Fo-LgP4c7__eAhRt6HA49crfnhVpadwZrsjaMcFua3eA1sfuHODHTujU6d2yxj/s1600/11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="840" data-original-width="1280" height="416" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkYPcK1l8iSM45lZTXK2PDKP2NzHJYE3xsg_trnLUymk7W4LUFrBbAnN0ZnrTv2VdviK-Vuo4ipJl5f5Fo-LgP4c7__eAhRt6HA49crfnhVpadwZrsjaMcFua3eA1sfuHODHTujU6d2yxj/s640/11.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge View , from: Internet</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">The Balyan family designed and constructed numerous major buildings in the </span>Ottoman Empire<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">, including </span>Çırağan<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;"> and Dolmabahce palaces and many public buildings in Istanbul.</span></span></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv88knD4SmsNPqDoS2wDG4kzyxhfNmzrXL9rQJDgz5-WG8evHcT-I694omlEuTD__9ic1QMiqLEG5xtsrbApHfZ88PkvOSg8-tbFt71H-cfwZ8f6IVSZ2Tr8sd8l_YLKLhsONkYzk2frkX/s1600/PLAN.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="767" data-original-width="1231" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv88knD4SmsNPqDoS2wDG4kzyxhfNmzrXL9rQJDgz5-WG8evHcT-I694omlEuTD__9ic1QMiqLEG5xtsrbApHfZ88PkvOSg8-tbFt71H-cfwZ8f6IVSZ2Tr8sd8l_YLKLhsONkYzk2frkX/s400/PLAN.png" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge Columns , Drawn by KantarAtlas - 2018</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">Balyan Bridge is dated to </span><span style="background-color: transparent;">Sultan Abdülaziz' reign (1861-1876) to connect the palace garden when Çırağan Palace was constructed. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #555555; text-align: justify;">Çırağan Palace was designed by Nigoğos Balyan and constructed by his sons Sarkis and Agop Balyan between 1863 and 1871.</span></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOfOHqudAQMlkbjXe2sNheSMxPjrB3VUao4d6ubWvyMiHjYxpJaTAfK1Rniy8d_k9K2DLBYBU9CzEPMQ69ODZ83vbm6OMEVSyEnodVwSMLYyWj6ZKxULa6BNzlCnzq5BU2FMkZQ3QJNzgD/s1600/2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="939" data-original-width="1437" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOfOHqudAQMlkbjXe2sNheSMxPjrB3VUao4d6ubWvyMiHjYxpJaTAfK1Rniy8d_k9K2DLBYBU9CzEPMQ69ODZ83vbm6OMEVSyEnodVwSMLYyWj6ZKxULa6BNzlCnzq5BU2FMkZQ3QJNzgD/s400/2.png" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge looking to side span - from: googleearth</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Y</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">ı</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">ld</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">ı</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">z</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> palace had not been constructed yet but its garden was often used by Palace residents and the road which the bridge is crossing over obviously was vital for the city for at least connecting the palace to Ortakoy Mosque, which is another marvel designed by the Balyan Family.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge was designed a bit like a building with its dimensions and columns whose details are very similar to the columns of the palace.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAlXYAFM0gKOpKIwp-uZHqY-m71Fr35DoSkbWXj95BmSnNdfD9V3q_PszzWQhXYjiSZ7LHYG0pAxDyQLZGagPFh_DmzIpuM5_g0jPWpaSA52yxir6H3MhyK7FgAzWzAeuU2vU2uqaMaT1K/s1600/ROOF+PLAN.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="739" data-original-width="1191" height="393" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAlXYAFM0gKOpKIwp-uZHqY-m71Fr35DoSkbWXj95BmSnNdfD9V3q_PszzWQhXYjiSZ7LHYG0pAxDyQLZGagPFh_DmzIpuM5_g0jPWpaSA52yxir6H3MhyK7FgAzWzAeuU2vU2uqaMaT1K/s640/ROOF+PLAN.png" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge Soffit Details , Drawn by KantarAtlas - 2018</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge concept is successful in terms of physically separating vehicular/tram traffic with sidewalks on both sides.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Total length of the bridge is around 17m which cloud have been crossed with a single span. However a single span would have reduced the vertical clearance envelope of the bridge especially at the ends. Indeed, the posted clear height is 4m which was probably higher before asphalt pavements and with some safety margin. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6B70LkQiFvQ2cgYakKVCPQ1gXubmyBLsBvistSqjBVi28CyKTluqaeT-kjpWOnn9N_IoU_D0JtCCsmKjwCf27SYl0jttivU13u9pznUb9oO8K5hvwWN8T3xpIJ1sJqA5IlEeLmQ_KramR/s1600/20161002-102741.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="548" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6B70LkQiFvQ2cgYakKVCPQ1gXubmyBLsBvistSqjBVi28CyKTluqaeT-kjpWOnn9N_IoU_D0JtCCsmKjwCf27SYl0jttivU13u9pznUb9oO8K5hvwWN8T3xpIJ1sJqA5IlEeLmQ_KramR/s640/20161002-102741.jpg" width="435" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Side Span Detail , from: Internet</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">A older photo of the bridge shows tram/train line under the main span. Therefore bridge height should have been kept really high and a rail line might have been a reason for the bridge to provide interrupted continuous access between the gardens. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">3 span bridge might have been selected either with an intention to separate the pedestrian or to use the already available formwork from building construction. And both might be wrong as well and it might just be for the appearance as it was designed by an architect not an "engineer".</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuRfVFfAa_yspIrdlC_byZkdyKfrJYR-N8mojMLZxuLYxANanv9LDPhHQYmZVqUZ-JnGuK8m1IUBrKhJYqJD73ccYA6pae8UXjcREUrAAt3rfoIsif1lBXXm5RuPHdD9LkhnSJYfu0OSE4/s1600/20161002-102926.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="790" data-original-width="1024" height="305" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuRfVFfAa_yspIrdlC_byZkdyKfrJYR-N8mojMLZxuLYxANanv9LDPhHQYmZVqUZ-JnGuK8m1IUBrKhJYqJD73ccYA6pae8UXjcREUrAAt3rfoIsif1lBXXm5RuPHdD9LkhnSJYfu0OSE4/s400/20161002-102926.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge Soffit , from: Google earth</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">It is a beautiful bridge with its 3 spans and also 3 vaults in transverse direction. It's plan is symmetrical in both directions.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Rectangular piers are detailed with columns around them. The edge piers facing the entrances of the bridge are separate from the bridge and form parts of spandrel art.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Soffit of the bridge is also charming with very regular patterns and the details. The detail where main span meets with low level column of adjacent span has been detailed very pleasingly with a trimmed soffit of the vault.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span><br /></span>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">It would be interesting to see the original pavement of the deck of the bridge which probably had a special stand for the sultan to look around.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Location: 41.044237, 29.015082</span></span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-66706270299448628472019-04-17T05:45:00.003-07:002019-04-17T05:45:36.984-07:00Naras Bridge<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">This Selcuq era bridge is constructed over the remains of a Roman aqueduct bridge. It is located 8km north of Manavgat town of Antalya, crossing over the Naras river which joins the Melas (Manavgat) river.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsgQnU56ZFuvxndFPNH3r9inRBo7jU7n-_UdgBvTsgmdjsb-AXCL-d7_iQaPG5ciHsgbFGJ1cpVV6ByHtDRM718VaJjqV7FnXfcgWMaT0fWTiQYdTLgAIeOZs_VNCgAAvHIdclScumcS4R/s1600/33.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="834" data-original-width="1600" height="332" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsgQnU56ZFuvxndFPNH3r9inRBo7jU7n-_UdgBvTsgmdjsb-AXCL-d7_iQaPG5ciHsgbFGJ1cpVV6ByHtDRM718VaJjqV7FnXfcgWMaT0fWTiQYdTLgAIeOZs_VNCgAAvHIdclScumcS4R/s640/33.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The Current bridge has 5 spans with the longest 11.2m in length, whilst the height of the bridge is 7.4m and smallest span is 9m long.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOJ1xouQpu8jwSHrzRN4y2GBUIHRYWHp7n_B05e60PCkbWk0mSQAj5muyj2tVK9hglJU4EzQ_0sHytDHlA0SA50DpjZCSfBO9Mc6K-aUW3HEjl9O0hz0HSEUKWulRM8MUbF57xxoxOB1G6/s1600/P1070850.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOJ1xouQpu8jwSHrzRN4y2GBUIHRYWHp7n_B05e60PCkbWk0mSQAj5muyj2tVK9hglJU4EzQ_0sHytDHlA0SA50DpjZCSfBO9Mc6K-aUW3HEjl9O0hz0HSEUKWulRM8MUbF57xxoxOB1G6/s640/P1070850.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Arches are pointed style and the voussoirs irregular in their dimensions. Arch ring is single and flush with spandrel.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbqdhLFKlybaYBxKcaeP2C4JUEv2a94Lo3_KMy91hG6Q1HTRus79xH3OY9j9JsN-gZnvPQ6Vr0unmhyP_HDuOaJsa5ra0pq_V-92zzAy6OM83qKVxhDoFMzkLAaFWZsknvUJYzhmrUmKPp/s1600/2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="484" data-original-width="1600" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbqdhLFKlybaYBxKcaeP2C4JUEv2a94Lo3_KMy91hG6Q1HTRus79xH3OY9j9JsN-gZnvPQ6Vr0unmhyP_HDuOaJsa5ra0pq_V-92zzAy6OM83qKVxhDoFMzkLAaFWZsknvUJYzhmrUmKPp/s640/2.png" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Sketch from Thesis of İ. Ceylan </span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge alignment is wavy and similar to Serik bridge nearby in Antalya. Both bridges are constructed over the old remains with a different possibly narrower width explaining why they don't follow straight path. The remains of the previous structure can be seen at piers.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXoQwg7nynPsEnAi4_WJ6Uy5ICaNsIIBUCGnlxfvR1xJCWVRXZFf-NXuSgIw3UQhu3Utv1l7etmE-vUQilYANgCBIdCUEVr5TdLMsQtYnQAfg9iK-SsHRlL-3nNdJz6mILYRZ3B4wMY57w/s1600/67.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1176" data-original-width="1600" height="468" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXoQwg7nynPsEnAi4_WJ6Uy5ICaNsIIBUCGnlxfvR1xJCWVRXZFf-NXuSgIw3UQhu3Utv1l7etmE-vUQilYANgCBIdCUEVr5TdLMsQtYnQAfg9iK-SsHRlL-3nNdJz6mILYRZ3B4wMY57w/s640/67.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge from Ilter around 1970</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif;">Earlier structure had stones of bigger dimensions joined without mortar. The highest remains of these exist on the south entry to bridge and bridge deck makes a sudden turn after this pier.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN6NMAcNnwNySR6ekQRcJs9K48phQedJska6T8vK-9uR9VEpp0ilwcwxbSDvdI4ZcHLXTWvbAR9gwNHz14rBrljFrolOz4Cn-xMNe1NqFIJxvyZR1QX_-3YZko1a1noc0gnAkA0FHQUzgB/s1600/antalya__manavgat__naras_koprusu_%25281965%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="530" data-original-width="800" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN6NMAcNnwNySR6ekQRcJs9K48phQedJska6T8vK-9uR9VEpp0ilwcwxbSDvdI4ZcHLXTWvbAR9gwNHz14rBrljFrolOz4Cn-xMNe1NqFIJxvyZR1QX_-3YZko1a1noc0gnAkA0FHQUzgB/s320/antalya__manavgat__naras_koprusu_%25281965%2529.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge from Ilter around 1970</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Roman remains at southern side of the bridge are </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif;">approx. 5.20 m. wide and </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif;">11.5m tall from water level. It probably means the earlier structure was an aqueduct with a considerable height.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Earlier structure was probably belonging to the Side Water system dating to 2nd century BCE.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj57OfDLtNZD4Ff5VSXuirmrKMnRghdzGQXltDe8hzmc-1BOJ2tpK1sDt-TVCcZYQTYYPys0g3u5D8dQKhOlolU85OAqaVF7rlfd5PIcBYK9E0sPBteVs7TEfqsk184a4WQB1IK0rSb-O8U/s1600/P1070824.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj57OfDLtNZD4Ff5VSXuirmrKMnRghdzGQXltDe8hzmc-1BOJ2tpK1sDt-TVCcZYQTYYPys0g3u5D8dQKhOlolU85OAqaVF7rlfd5PIcBYK9E0sPBteVs7TEfqsk184a4WQB1IK0rSb-O8U/s640/P1070824.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The stones are mostly conglomerate and travertine. Gray and white marble are also found. Mortar is used in current bridge. </span></div>
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Naras bridge has been repaired by KGM in 1960, its deck was concreted and timber parapets added to the deck.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx-J-H-OQUzNwhuW5x_KnycAr6qi1hiRJTocBoGDYivoloWl972txBdUEF3vkUEj_uzwteRdz4I4s-S4KHkg70PAphgB2rM1aXs841vHx_0uvc-6dAsPOgWAtXTC_noaxChC-yNdyU-NvB/s1600/P1070829.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx-J-H-OQUzNwhuW5x_KnycAr6qi1hiRJTocBoGDYivoloWl972txBdUEF3vkUEj_uzwteRdz4I4s-S4KHkg70PAphgB2rM1aXs841vHx_0uvc-6dAsPOgWAtXTC_noaxChC-yNdyU-NvB/s640/P1070829.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
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Bridge has cutwaters and they don't seem to follow any order. There are 3 upstream and 2 downstream side. Upstream cutwaters are triangular except one which is rectangular. Downstream side cutwaters are in a triangular form. </div>
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Naras bridge spandrel walls are formed with rubble stone.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWT9aGWWaYroaRzUwDGZVtXfdGfqKPB0XruOiJgFg4GP8qHpDjl5FxO-TaiWmztQOHRz9slN6P6-X5cbKgY5IZhv5qXxd7yxS-BVF9ofgzeSKYECs-WS5bsQ5EgAIB295E2pL8ySVLgXyt/s1600/P1070870.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWT9aGWWaYroaRzUwDGZVtXfdGfqKPB0XruOiJgFg4GP8qHpDjl5FxO-TaiWmztQOHRz9slN6P6-X5cbKgY5IZhv5qXxd7yxS-BVF9ofgzeSKYECs-WS5bsQ5EgAIB295E2pL8ySVLgXyt/s640/P1070870.JPG" width="480" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Location: 36.8252, 31.44726<br />References: İbrahim CEYLAN, Master Thesis, Karayollari 13.Bolge Sinirlari icinde yer alan Tarihi koprulerin Incelenmesi, Süleyman Demirel University, 2013</span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-55633517123669984322019-04-10T10:52:00.001-07:002019-04-10T10:52:04.198-07:00Halil Rıfat Paşa Bridge<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">An interesting
design with a skew of nearly 45 degrees, and the person who made it happen was renowned statesman </span><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Halil Rifat Pasha.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw4KFl5tvEOl3Hf2zum0BuKoC7-TTENNuvS08FMmR8_t3a9mFWyjA5iD92CzXmS54cCgGQ3PvI-djdKq9_fXzV9ecjIQr3Fb2J-VH8ijnt6iyc9x_Kqq4M2az1ZPeClkqvD0MmtjH5ZLlk/s1600/Omer_Mete_Halil_Rifat_Pasa_KoprusuSivas1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw4KFl5tvEOl3Hf2zum0BuKoC7-TTENNuvS08FMmR8_t3a9mFWyjA5iD92CzXmS54cCgGQ3PvI-djdKq9_fXzV9ecjIQr3Fb2J-VH8ijnt6iyc9x_Kqq4M2az1ZPeClkqvD0MmtjH5ZLlk/s400/Omer_Mete_Halil_Rifat_Pasa_KoprusuSivas1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Halil Pasha was raised
to the level of Grand Vizier from the lowest level and with important
achievements. He led the road building campaign in Turkey and his motto was: “Gidemediğin</span><i><span lang="TR" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> yer senin değildir” which can be
translated as </span></i><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">“It is not yours, if you can’t go/access“ still
remembered today.</span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqBt8AIw0706TB5hyphenhyphenC1lFNoTivkNgh-iLKPHy-qO-7VjLLLbEQrBMp4nFI4fwOxfNYmmDSK9IY8_iYIkllXT6bnbtzCa-my6VBuJLJK-0Uv9zBze7AzRtusTR3MHgyU2Gm2WHfCujBHZoY/s1600/tara0003.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1165" data-original-width="1600" height="466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqBt8AIw0706TB5hyphenhyphenC1lFNoTivkNgh-iLKPHy-qO-7VjLLLbEQrBMp4nFI4fwOxfNYmmDSK9IY8_iYIkllXT6bnbtzCa-my6VBuJLJK-0Uv9zBze7AzRtusTR3MHgyU2Gm2WHfCujBHZoY/s640/tara0003.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">He served as a
Governor of Sivas during 1886 -1889. Therefore Bridge can be
dated to this period.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Culvert is a very
important heritage as it is the only representation of its type and very unique.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS9wqk8JJ-3_gl0zc4SVEDQQ9MSNf0EZMb1snWS1uBqe7VUtFTbcVCMrI77qKNSu5c5YSslRX-As4Fc5O77sV2TkkDajGw7WNolCWuibQW_quVV92JSOgpNtwFcbrgeh0uS7bzI16l_fFj/s1600/halil+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="925" data-original-width="1600" height="370" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS9wqk8JJ-3_gl0zc4SVEDQQ9MSNf0EZMb1snWS1uBqe7VUtFTbcVCMrI77qKNSu5c5YSslRX-As4Fc5O77sV2TkkDajGw7WNolCWuibQW_quVV92JSOgpNtwFcbrgeh0uS7bzI16l_fFj/s640/halil+1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Culvert is in </span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Yeşilkale Vilage of Alacahan district near the ancient hostel
called “Kötünün Han”. It is on the old Malatya –Sivas road and 100m away from the
road nowadays.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVNYUw078_fEoZLG4LVCQGWZaha9v_AbQ2BhNw7rRYTw-wO80CI9PNompMgQTrxOQ2LLhlxt9GCoJ1xRKzEcVaLgrGMZGdQ3C4Ema9bKOWI6lafLtI0KZJJljk0QYUGP4MWYhVeWbyntLV/s1600/tara0006.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1083" data-original-width="1600" height="432" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVNYUw078_fEoZLG4LVCQGWZaha9v_AbQ2BhNw7rRYTw-wO80CI9PNompMgQTrxOQ2LLhlxt9GCoJ1xRKzEcVaLgrGMZGdQ3C4Ema9bKOWI6lafLtI0KZJJljk0QYUGP4MWYhVeWbyntLV/s640/tara0006.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The Stream under the
culvert required the culvert to have a considerable skew. Therefore culvert is
constructed with ribbed skew arch as a form of false skew. 15 single arches or
ribs offset radially with respect to one another and cross the obstacle this
way forming a skew arch called a false skew.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirk8aoVHAwDtVGgUkqXLPlqWQcYHCNWP_5lW880yBI_qIjBT2FVmEj9I6SzL0zaNHBoaNNmCBfr3Hh5p4tnZlVYQgTQRLcldeVY1fpcs_pXciMVs5o4k0lEDfIgqSRrgkGaDbdUxZk9hVM/s1600/Omer_Mete_Halil_Rifat_Pasa_KoprusuSivas.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirk8aoVHAwDtVGgUkqXLPlqWQcYHCNWP_5lW880yBI_qIjBT2FVmEj9I6SzL0zaNHBoaNNmCBfr3Hh5p4tnZlVYQgTQRLcldeVY1fpcs_pXciMVs5o4k0lEDfIgqSRrgkGaDbdUxZk9hVM/s640/Omer_Mete_Halil_Rifat_Pasa_KoprusuSivas.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">In history
skew of the masonry bridges dealt with false skew and helicoidal skew and logarithmic
skew types are used as an improvement providing smooth soffits and continuous masonry
work. Ribbed skew developed as a result of lack of stonemasons in the later
centuries as it is relatively easier to construct this type. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUjO-P7NN3N699Swy2fjk-XqNNyYbGlSWYg_7OpsXkeHpUaZNmMTNoRzvbXEzcVbGMvtjdVTRO6tzRiz67xE5M-nF-21jULnnyUK2VI9CrigVGIM-_1POaE369IpUFFAiWeIyUGKcz6Mt4/s1600/tara0002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="837" data-original-width="1600" height="334" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUjO-P7NN3N699Swy2fjk-XqNNyYbGlSWYg_7OpsXkeHpUaZNmMTNoRzvbXEzcVbGMvtjdVTRO6tzRiz67xE5M-nF-21jULnnyUK2VI9CrigVGIM-_1POaE369IpUFFAiWeIyUGKcz6Mt4/s640/tara0002.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Still this
construction is so complicated compared to the regular arch bridge and formwork
should have been a cumbersome work. It would have been more practical to divert
the stream or even the road to avoid the skew or increase the span of the
bridge would also avoid the skew. However the options might have been not possible
or feasible at the time of construction. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Span of the
culvert is 10.5m with a height of 4.15m to the soffit of the arch with 3.8m
width.</span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYKxcrviCqtTLGwtg3JXAewjY62CmUzjYRWQZ55y59M_h8QwVUVXd19zWKq_yBoz5a0JZSktpcpiKpDok5oN-K2D_4idautwJlGlAKhSNg0Q1AEtgBuDoLoxWwFUgjUM7XejjY08N-wktm/s1600/tara0008.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="759" data-original-width="1600" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYKxcrviCqtTLGwtg3JXAewjY62CmUzjYRWQZ55y59M_h8QwVUVXd19zWKq_yBoz5a0JZSktpcpiKpDok5oN-K2D_4idautwJlGlAKhSNg0Q1AEtgBuDoLoxWwFUgjUM7XejjY08N-wktm/s640/tara0008.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The height
from keystone soffit to the top level of parapets is 1.75m. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">Location: 39.033538, 37.747451</span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">References: </span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halil_Rifat_Pasha</span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-48884283786269578012019-04-10T10:39:00.003-07:002019-05-13T02:20:40.841-07:00Haburman Bridge<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>Haburman Bridge</b>, also known as <b>Çermik Bridge</b>, is a historic bridge in Diyarbakır Province, southeastern Turkey.</span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijplz0CUZGkv-d3TY5anBDdSfEq_rikj35szFb7jvhqSju1_-qcLzc4ITHB9ZmSHpSZnAJGvpcPBDzXAOv47Y0ow6k-Ug_U-QdPa5ShPRg4klNJSo5igF41GSy4Gq2D15ZjTtlJQTJ-FpI/s1600/Gokhan_Erdogan_haburmansonbahar.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="1200" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijplz0CUZGkv-d3TY5anBDdSfEq_rikj35szFb7jvhqSju1_-qcLzc4ITHB9ZmSHpSZnAJGvpcPBDzXAOv47Y0ow6k-Ug_U-QdPa5ShPRg4klNJSo5igF41GSy4Gq2D15ZjTtlJQTJ-FpI/s640/Gokhan_Erdogan_haburmansonbahar.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Photo from: http://wowturkey.com/t.php?p=/tr273/Gokhan_Erdogan_</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The bridge is in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ermik" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Çermik">Çermik</a> district of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r_Province" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Diyarbakır Province">Diyarbakır Province</a> over Sinek creek which is a tributary of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphrates" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Euphrates">Fırat River</a> (Euphrates).</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9IjqNnvyslfgBi_QKMjnp_HiUQy7g3-dqhyphenhyphenqMlryVCsWw5MYdUZ4PGbcLg0j1e1Qwm6Y5Yzc-jNrdAQi4O1mYPepBZTWPcM7MazOAHfBn6wIrspiWU28mSxwXdi-KWr8sBO8Xm8dLi66d/s1600/10.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="680" data-original-width="1024" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9IjqNnvyslfgBi_QKMjnp_HiUQy7g3-dqhyphenhyphenqMlryVCsWw5MYdUZ4PGbcLg0j1e1Qwm6Y5Yzc-jNrdAQi4O1mYPepBZTWPcM7MazOAHfBn6wIrspiWU28mSxwXdi-KWr8sBO8Xm8dLi66d/s320/10.JPG" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">A recent photo of the Bridge </span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">According to the inscription of the bridge it was commissioned by Zübeyde Hatun "a princess" of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artuqids" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Artuqids">Artuqids</a> in 1179. She was the daughter of Necmettin Alpi of the Mardin branch. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWyon6on4dl3EMv7hHqrtkcXwsaGA5tlhPgkEqhLjSWcBA0n8R4bundZUXJD9F4vQOex2_FJXqvGKX5t_HqlehFGCEfuRHDOVSmnrsHpCHWvucRPuFnK9Sxz1Jxl0WA0A1YoZ9j5FmBvLB/s1600/Mehmet_Cermik_Haburman_Koprusu_5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="853" data-original-width="1280" height="422" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWyon6on4dl3EMv7hHqrtkcXwsaGA5tlhPgkEqhLjSWcBA0n8R4bundZUXJD9F4vQOex2_FJXqvGKX5t_HqlehFGCEfuRHDOVSmnrsHpCHWvucRPuFnK9Sxz1Jxl0WA0A1YoZ9j5FmBvLB/s640/Mehmet_Cermik_Haburman_Koprusu_5.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">http://wowturkey.com/t.php?p=/tr640/Mehmet_Cermik_Haburman_Koprusu_5.jpg</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">It was restored in 1927. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">In 2010, after the construction of a new bridge the bridge was closed to the vehicle traffic. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5zxVXHAb-TT0r8IWt8-dOJ7vZgdt-O727Ijc4QyLq_5WBiTXwwPt5s4mLDwkBMKoqQcd-zGDTdHuETMJIi1qxtxYgURhkxFWohpv15VmeuMDYpUenUVcxim2385UhkeLGhAtq5pQjizKg/s1600/resim_tiff%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="599" data-original-width="428" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5zxVXHAb-TT0r8IWt8-dOJ7vZgdt-O727Ijc4QyLq_5WBiTXwwPt5s4mLDwkBMKoqQcd-zGDTdHuETMJIi1qxtxYgURhkxFWohpv15VmeuMDYpUenUVcxim2385UhkeLGhAtq5pQjizKg/s400/resim_tiff%255B1%255D.jpg" width="285" /></span></a></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">1179 Haburman Bridge also used in Cover of the Ilter's Book</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The total length of the bridge is 107m and the width is 5.60 m.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The main span is 19.50m with a height of 12.50 m. there are two small relieving arches, one next to main span and the other is at the entrance of the bridge.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNUvnykj9zQeRfBWVmkWiT_ZPuG0RXyxGBpN4TLviuXFRwwV70eMu7T-Te5ptYhfHtAQejnpXTxM0xzO_FDanWVoI7uadWU7EoPQ5YxUeH0GI1HOBbI86Do_drQyJONNSrQBt-x1wVTmcC/s1600/33.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1086" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNUvnykj9zQeRfBWVmkWiT_ZPuG0RXyxGBpN4TLviuXFRwwV70eMu7T-Te5ptYhfHtAQejnpXTxM0xzO_FDanWVoI7uadWU7EoPQ5YxUeH0GI1HOBbI86Do_drQyJONNSrQBt-x1wVTmcC/s320/33.jpg" width="217" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Underneath the Bridge - from Ilter -1970</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Main construction material is limestone. In certain parts brick has also been used.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3NlsgIWDSDmg3wIHwYIaUYV1HUJxpgIOxkt2gyOn5Ocfs2UETnTgT3Mba4dwt9H4ApncpQeW1XDFf11GOfMsPPQ6fEpJmV-zv19oTOHamJoqtWPLybYmI2nlCCyKaN1RwqJR9CsfP0cQy/s1600/HABURMAN-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="847" data-original-width="1600" height="338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3NlsgIWDSDmg3wIHwYIaUYV1HUJxpgIOxkt2gyOn5Ocfs2UETnTgT3Mba4dwt9H4ApncpQeW1XDFf11GOfMsPPQ6fEpJmV-zv19oTOHamJoqtWPLybYmI2nlCCyKaN1RwqJR9CsfP0cQy/s640/HABURMAN-2.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Sketch of the Bridge from Ilter</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">It is a beautiful bridge and highly historical character. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHvNqeoC292QxP7EDfAJBKy3hJfQAWBZqSn6R-IiHKjTv_ggmkcT7_0Kco396WfMTs9FEejx7XtpWRR8z4hpND4kCuBGQgsfY58GEkACX9qroR435wecdG2DOP2v1vbaeem2uQ73nvnDjQ/s1600/34.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1425" data-original-width="1600" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHvNqeoC292QxP7EDfAJBKy3hJfQAWBZqSn6R-IiHKjTv_ggmkcT7_0Kco396WfMTs9FEejx7XtpWRR8z4hpND4kCuBGQgsfY58GEkACX9qroR435wecdG2DOP2v1vbaeem2uQ73nvnDjQ/s320/34.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Original Inscription of the Bridge - from Ilter -1970</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiacQUvT7CzBpJcjK6xO8hO7_koH266uyKoxKgg87gOc3xF__n4fOWw07bWc-TMJKsoqJy5dPVZeZielQTVnKXWFYENcg_xo_J-CobDnS5Ox7xMOonmljYpUA-mMWu79aTaxbcVpHuiTlxe/s1600/35.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1486" data-original-width="1600" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiacQUvT7CzBpJcjK6xO8hO7_koH266uyKoxKgg87gOc3xF__n4fOWw07bWc-TMJKsoqJy5dPVZeZielQTVnKXWFYENcg_xo_J-CobDnS5Ox7xMOonmljYpUA-mMWu79aTaxbcVpHuiTlxe/s320/35.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Repair Inscription of the Bridge of - from Ilter -1970</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Inscription of the Bridge:</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaMZ_Wm5FSWVFMl1SQaK2cIH8ZhRzd5SeSTAUejsegYle4DpHapFjXuZg9_RkD8wJW0ZvGSa3fTKmXjddyByn0t9I8S2hJAAmKdWonkyJiNfl6rSV7BIXPkR0_RX1t0pJd8pf_rBnQ5rOy/s1600/Untitled.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="283" data-original-width="1190" height="152" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaMZ_Wm5FSWVFMl1SQaK2cIH8ZhRzd5SeSTAUejsegYle4DpHapFjXuZg9_RkD8wJW0ZvGSa3fTKmXjddyByn0t9I8S2hJAAmKdWonkyJiNfl6rSV7BIXPkR0_RX1t0pJd8pf_rBnQ5rOy/s640/Untitled.png" width="640" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">1. Bismillahi <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">2. 'r-Rahmani 'r-Rahim <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">3. Haza ma tatavva’at bi-amalihi Zubayda Hatun
ibnatu’l-Amir <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">4. Nacmuddin Alpi bin Temirtaş hamaha'llahu fi sanati hamsin
va sab’ina <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">5. va hamsami'a <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">575 (1179)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span class="latitude" style="background-color: #f0f0f0; color: black;" title="Latitude">Location: 38.1312</span><span style="background-color: #f0f0f0; color: black;">, </span><span class="longitude" style="background-color: #f0f0f0; color: black;" title="Longitude">39.4427</span></span><br />
<span class="longitude" style="background-color: #f0f0f0; color: black; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;" title="Longitude">References:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #f0f0f0;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">http://www.mehdieker.com/fotografgalerisi/Foto%C4%9Fraf-Galerisi:catid-55-s-1#!prettyPhoto</span></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-35122589482412149582019-04-09T07:37:00.001-07:002019-04-10T11:17:03.831-07:00Sazlikoy Bridge<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Sazlıköy Bridge gets its name from the town of Söke in Aydın on the east side of Turkey. It is also called Ramazanpaşa Bridge having been constructed by Ramazan Pascha in 1595.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyhKezo3wSLaaOxQMZkxvwf0TJFFWoXTeiJJxg2bkXOCYvFEbzzK8ZW00xJEgRh2t43EB-UlWggtp4DaGOmL7GQj1lYtMPUPAkp4maycGxDQwH1JMOfoiqhY_aOdXwn2C7ebzITtO07Y1v/s1600/SAZLIKOY-TASKOPRU+198.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="612" data-original-width="465" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyhKezo3wSLaaOxQMZkxvwf0TJFFWoXTeiJJxg2bkXOCYvFEbzzK8ZW00xJEgRh2t43EB-UlWggtp4DaGOmL7GQj1lYtMPUPAkp4maycGxDQwH1JMOfoiqhY_aOdXwn2C7ebzITtO07Y1v/s640/SAZLIKOY-TASKOPRU+198.jpg" width="483" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Original Artwork in the middle of the bridge -KantarAtlas-2005.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">On the Eastern side of the bridge was the private farm of the Sultan and bridge provided access to the vicinity. Nowadays the bridge is over the old basin of Maiandros (Menderes ) river. </span></div>
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Bridge has pointed spans with recessed arch rings. Between spans, there are relieving openings. Triangular cutwaters are very low level and only in the middle of the bridge and on both downstream and upstream sides of the bridge. Bridge is made of ashlar stone. </div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8w-4o_nomUeFugz4PJ6D_dc2mjuENhyU03pjSYAPSDEPgyIaXhjIaDbuAZz6TKoNXkGMTQY8UfzMxk_P_q0vpkDRlZs8ooNqqS7oyubnMnoywFAX4Ysr4yIeu8Z4WC54F8cLPsdZMqfKq/s1600/SAZLIKOY-TASKOPRU+196.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8w-4o_nomUeFugz4PJ6D_dc2mjuENhyU03pjSYAPSDEPgyIaXhjIaDbuAZz6TKoNXkGMTQY8UfzMxk_P_q0vpkDRlZs8ooNqqS7oyubnMnoywFAX4Ysr4yIeu8Z4WC54F8cLPsdZMqfKq/s640/SAZLIKOY-TASKOPRU+196.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge View -KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
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Artworks in the middle of the bridge are on both sides of the deck opposite to each other. The drain detail under this artwork is also a good piece of work in terms of detailing but no guess on why drainage is needed in the highest point of the bridge !</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="481" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPBMhh5ROhEx1xi8ZziWz4VkYV2EevnypPOpDG3cNibFvD-VST-v5FdVPkXjepX7Q_CRmfiPYB0Mo38ovRltdy4942gjeoE5U4mt5FscUbGca23wJig4tl6mBD11JaQ1kMbzetxyQEc2D2/s640/SAZLIKOY-TASKOPRU+200.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge from side view -KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
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There is evidence which can be observed on the bridge for its displacements as a result of seismic action. First of all its alignment is not straight and has curvatures. Moreover the axis of the bridge is not straight.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="688" data-original-width="942" height="464" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1mRg_8d-_HdEdfEy1WAAM7fCNRkWS84TQZdEWcGe_QFXwh6_UXxb7MS__dmhiQq69VpEMWiTp2MT3O-G7p3v8TUaLMZUQcRoQqzuDWg50zwTXtWAaxTZUNA6l2z-fpxN8V4e7cseorYg9/s640/SAZLIKOY-TASKOPRU+201.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">The middle of the bridge -KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
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The arch levels seemed to be lower than their original positions as shown on the study posted below.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLPnefdBTQSHJsnG8Bnlw7Se1lpa4XK0EL8P_C5vTkM6YnI9We23AIQ08akuLdhQetJ7SNNpiHMooh7OyA69EzRw2l7keZE9dZToRqriWlucKtw3EfNKS29pJSsRO64MXRW9YKXgFeEI_q/s400/SAZLIKOY-TASKOPRU+208.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Heavy Loading on the Bridge -KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
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A paper investigating tectonic movements in the vicinity of the bridge luckily had some investigations related to the bridge as well. According to their observations; the bridge lost it symmetry, its alignment and also the overall shape during an earthquake, probably the one which occurred in the 18th century.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmsxvnp0FvcoaRbsHuSXFe879dwC2fktJyJH17_SrSfDTjFiShhYaU8GRybuoEtsnGt5IduaJ5LascL1geYRD6659UJXj1qtZxUko19_hYAtD9QYOR-tYN04yhRJfRA4C_-0tvrg-ECzba/s400/SAZLIKOY-TASKOPRU+215.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Heavy Loading on the bridge -KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
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In this study it is shown that the eastern part of the bridge is sunken as a result of surface faulting.</div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Unfortunately during my visit in 2005, the bridge was still open to heavy traffic.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Location: 37.784099, 27.466398</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">References:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236332001_Offset_archaeological_relics_in_the_western_part_of_the_Buyuk_Menderes_graben_western_Turkey_and_their_tectonic_implications</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eeyh_Ramazan_Pa%C5%9Fa</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-19311850936336047262019-04-06T07:11:00.001-07:002019-04-06T07:11:19.680-07:00Emir Bayındır Bridge<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Emir Bay</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">ı</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">nd</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">ı</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">r Bridge is on the south of Ahlat center in the
district called, </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Harabeşehir </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">(meaning ruined city in Turkish).</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZrr1BflpYNrvFM3FnCVtH-wELzE7q8h4ymWUqBGMXk8_D__8Ksi-0lczqaBakOWxEUshCYyoy-2oAceajny8zP5HFKDnSHC68XfyAlQeqW-vgXHXP1i8mGFrTZnBBPb1cNO41x8M6k3g5/s1600/bitlis-emir+bay%25C4%25B1nd%25C4%25B1r.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" height="481" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZrr1BflpYNrvFM3FnCVtH-wELzE7q8h4ymWUqBGMXk8_D__8Ksi-0lczqaBakOWxEUshCYyoy-2oAceajny8zP5HFKDnSHC68XfyAlQeqW-vgXHXP1i8mGFrTZnBBPb1cNO41x8M6k3g5/s640/bitlis-emir+bay%25C4%25B1nd%25C4%25B1r.bmp" width="640" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">It</span></span> is located to the west of Bayındır Mosque and crosses over a stream called Kangal. The stream is also locally known as Harabeşehir stream as well. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">T</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">he name of the bridge comes from Emir Bayındır, who built the bridge.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Date of the bridge is not known but many resources date the bridge to the 13<sup>th</sup> century. Some resources date the bridge to the period of the </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Akkoyunlu who ruled the region in the 15th century.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd1kK2n0B83PE20Sr5WwaC9IAexB7_GPADXTfcTq-DPgc0uDSCCG2K-zxcI3CgnfpTLEgW64DrormLqP85-PSIru2izuNKJ42KNZAmfDXjLQiWS-l7Mx1VsVbfCdR0k85ch58wJi32LT1u/s1600/bitlis-ahlat.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="597" data-original-width="800" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd1kK2n0B83PE20Sr5WwaC9IAexB7_GPADXTfcTq-DPgc0uDSCCG2K-zxcI3CgnfpTLEgW64DrormLqP85-PSIru2izuNKJ42KNZAmfDXjLQiWS-l7Mx1VsVbfCdR0k85ch58wJi32LT1u/s400/bitlis-ahlat.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Alignment of the bridge is not straight, having turns at the entrances.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The Bridge is 46m long in total with 4m width. Its single span is 8.7m long with 7m height. There are steps in the bridge which are located with changing treads and continue all along the bridge. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTIwnWYEQVme8FSykPQUdsu1DDcLHGJ5jspqD7mnHLrwDCPm8vsUnMQfV-YWUe6BRcqZxPUq1VTIch1Kfd75vWCoIc0IlYE5CxCJY4Sx5MZpcgbnVTd9NoGhw0jMKpqiBRXQYaRIyvoned/s1600/6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="524" data-original-width="1600" height="206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTIwnWYEQVme8FSykPQUdsu1DDcLHGJ5jspqD7mnHLrwDCPm8vsUnMQfV-YWUe6BRcqZxPUq1VTIch1Kfd75vWCoIc0IlYE5CxCJY4Sx5MZpcgbnVTd9NoGhw0jMKpqiBRXQYaRIyvoned/s640/6.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Bridges unique character is the parapets on both sides with capping.
These parapets are 60cm wide and 55cm high. They certainly resemble the famous Cendere bridge.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Arch of the bridge is made with 54cm thick recessed ring
combined with 10cm second ring which is flush with spandrel wall.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaZ7ToX689KtUJxhoYZlme8E2HDqZ0P5nJWT_XX4a-x2gby1ei5oTbxkHgj3lb1lp40Wie__uNW_iheIBRE5ZGMR5Vt44asm3OZpnvKQUn5pQw2CZwBg-JtpMiQLnRjByQuT1FQLK_TnMn/s1600/ahlat13_bayndr_kprs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="479" data-original-width="1600" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaZ7ToX689KtUJxhoYZlme8E2HDqZ0P5nJWT_XX4a-x2gby1ei5oTbxkHgj3lb1lp40Wie__uNW_iheIBRE5ZGMR5Vt44asm3OZpnvKQUn5pQw2CZwBg-JtpMiQLnRjByQuT1FQLK_TnMn/s640/ahlat13_bayndr_kprs.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">There is a retaining wall on upstream side. On downstream
side there is a niche with 1.95mx 0.85m dimensions. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge is entirely made of local stone, andesite tuff.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The bridge was repaired in 1954. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">From<a href="http://www.turkishculture.org/whoiswho/academics/hamza-gundogdu-2958.htm"> Hamza Gündoğdu</a>, we learn: "In the north of the west
entrance of the bridge, two horses in a row are roughly depicted as they are moving
to the left. </span>The body lines of these horse figures that are not very
successful, and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the head and foot parts
were destroyed.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">This relief decoration on the bridge until 1982, and disappeared
with a repair after this date."</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnxKPawBfPsFgW7TKSZs6aDN2ldpz9Km-ePDhf0-dAFpBf7ImaJEurZ0g3KBdTgEUw9gKI9RYbRUfp4kvFKI8Qz5GLkmm8Ybxpc6_3J0nXkZR92T7upzFPByAJiVkpjuS3iMRT-IAYg9UP/s1600/12107260854_4c15499606_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="617" data-original-width="1024" height="384" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnxKPawBfPsFgW7TKSZs6aDN2ldpz9Km-ePDhf0-dAFpBf7ImaJEurZ0g3KBdTgEUw9gKI9RYbRUfp4kvFKI8Qz5GLkmm8Ybxpc6_3J0nXkZR92T7upzFPByAJiVkpjuS3iMRT-IAYg9UP/s640/12107260854_4c15499606_b.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Rosette ornament on single stone ( circled red) - Kaynak: Internet</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">At present, the bridge has no ornament other than the small
rosette in the form of a wheel of fortune, which is carved on a single
stone on the left of the upstream side.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Location:38.7466031,42.454114</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">References</span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">http://www.turkishculture.org/whoiswho/academics/hamza-gundogdu-2958.htm</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Yrd. Doç. Dr. Şahabettin ÖZTÜRK, Bitlis Su Mimarisi</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; text-align: left;">Ercan Işık, </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">Barış</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; text-align: left;"> Antepb, İbrahim Baran Karaşinc, Bi</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">tlis</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; text-align: left;"> Eren University, Department of Civil Engineering, </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; text-align: left;"> Structural analysis. Emir Bayındır Bridge. Seismic behavior :</span><a href="http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/493219" style="text-align: left;">http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/493219</a></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-44363592965913854492019-04-01T08:04:00.001-07:002019-04-01T08:04:27.611-07:00Düden Bridge<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Düden bridge is 5km east of Antalya city center. Nearly half of the bridge was collapsed during 1978 but then repaired by KGM.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi03T6uNVhtAOW2lbHasfYsYUt_KjWKtWzZVkeuWkcSEeC85wkwxZEwSzrqZ1Wahdotb7BHqNEhxQAqAnlZxnDYnobBSwh5kWnq-gA2YXI9dp6qRercypayP2hfUKJne64B5ThlIzL0g-Db/s1600/d%25C3%25BCden-1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="336" data-original-width="1600" height="134" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi03T6uNVhtAOW2lbHasfYsYUt_KjWKtWzZVkeuWkcSEeC85wkwxZEwSzrqZ1Wahdotb7BHqNEhxQAqAnlZxnDYnobBSwh5kWnq-gA2YXI9dp6qRercypayP2hfUKJne64B5ThlIzL0g-Db/s640/d%25C3%25BCden-1.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Total bridge length is 275m with 8 spans and width is 5.7m inside the parapets. Largest span is 8.45m and with a height of 8m. It is classified as Selcuq bridge since it is part of a road network that certainly existed in Selcuq times, possibly even in Roman times. Therefore its origin might also possibly be Roman.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJi9WMUrZkDfy7uBXQQrkrghxkzVwsxJuEDEkoBMDnLkykb-vlTjFkwXgyFq0Cqp7OlX_yeRY4fbVqzK75pkJCzkNfGrfnmV2KW4vTNPUGd9O_2LIyolyL6EXt7uDq2OLohrU8_fDIGR2d/s1600/27-D%25C3%259CDEN-YKARDA+AKINTI+A%25C5%259EA%25C4%259EIDA+KAYNAK+TARAFI.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1101" data-original-width="1600" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJi9WMUrZkDfy7uBXQQrkrghxkzVwsxJuEDEkoBMDnLkykb-vlTjFkwXgyFq0Cqp7OlX_yeRY4fbVqzK75pkJCzkNfGrfnmV2KW4vTNPUGd9O_2LIyolyL6EXt7uDq2OLohrU8_fDIGR2d/s640/27-D%25C3%259CDEN-YKARDA+AKINTI+A%25C5%259EA%25C4%259EIDA+KAYNAK+TARAFI.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge with its irregular spans and the cranked plan represents Selcuq style. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidQPwsUsE4e8UYrtlG5AcQEoNuNgdolaRnJshPSDf16MIYCIfUyuhbalMFmTtGk36DN6F1m1WSDZDOf3Z-m1ppRNl9paTmCdlsli3Vl7YI0AUz5iPDsUwjytFlBuwAd_SHeRR3A2KK-4De/s1600/P1080152.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidQPwsUsE4e8UYrtlG5AcQEoNuNgdolaRnJshPSDf16MIYCIfUyuhbalMFmTtGk36DN6F1m1WSDZDOf3Z-m1ppRNl9paTmCdlsli3Vl7YI0AUz5iPDsUwjytFlBuwAd_SHeRR3A2KK-4De/s640/P1080152.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Some spans are also buried under the soil therefore nowadays less spans are visible. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivd92WyAby9ctifRak-FUKlDvNXP6OHQyHqDHIneQkNfZisVEF7njUoXJwrC97YqKWt69oxW3fC8-3zhhnLaOiSmJbDDdGDwu0cEqOyYP8I2Y2zO0lzEBIFa-fVi7qM8HYP2Ye33e7dz5G/s1600/DUDEN.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="890" data-original-width="1600" height="352" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivd92WyAby9ctifRak-FUKlDvNXP6OHQyHqDHIneQkNfZisVEF7njUoXJwrC97YqKWt69oxW3fC8-3zhhnLaOiSmJbDDdGDwu0cEqOyYP8I2Y2zO0lzEBIFa-fVi7qM8HYP2Ye33e7dz5G/s640/DUDEN.png" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Sketch from Ilter</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">During my visit in 2005 bridge was recently repaired and bridge and its vicinity landscaped a pleasing place to visit.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3K_EjqL0DwhMg2r7NN5BEfMTT5vesgBhpMFawZ05QXSnLgPcpVCK6lAHTd9ja6SJw9wJU6CFYDvmC_YLdsOJWqSqiS6ViU8gESbwkDJi4umxp8EcE-2iOCgTdKmJC8oaWDy2iZLcvEpPu/s1600/P1080154.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3K_EjqL0DwhMg2r7NN5BEfMTT5vesgBhpMFawZ05QXSnLgPcpVCK6lAHTd9ja6SJw9wJU6CFYDvmC_YLdsOJWqSqiS6ViU8gESbwkDJi4umxp8EcE-2iOCgTdKmJC8oaWDy2iZLcvEpPu/s320/P1080154.JPG" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Location: 36.9034, 30.76688<br /><br /><br />References:<br /><br /><a href="http://www.selcuklumirasi.com/architecture-detail/cirnik-duden-koprusu">http://www.selcuklumirasi.com/architecture-detail/cirnik-duden-koprusu</a><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-49076265951263440892019-03-27T11:04:00.002-07:002019-03-27T11:04:35.594-07:00Yıldızırmak Bridge<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="text-align: justify;">Yıldızırmak Bridge is on the road from Sivas to Tokat and located approximately halfway along this road in a location called Y</span><span style="text-align: justify;">ı</span><span style="text-align: justify;">ld</span><span style="text-align: justify;">ı</span><span style="text-align: justify;">zeli on the south of the current state road. It was constructed next to or over a Roman Bridge which is nowadays buried under the river </span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; text-align: justify;">deposits</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; text-align: justify;">.</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Roman Arch in front of the bridge by KantarAtlas-2003</span></td></tr>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The bridge follows a straight line
with constant width; there are enlargements at the entrances.</span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The bridge arches are pointed style. The arches have one ring which is flush with the spandrel wall.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCCoKiZSKFeQbMwjC5GRZB8wAN8JVGCsJy_hCLMfysCPXYqOxeohKSVZJvkjry-8ev2q8-zcnRnuZ5fk3pKka4D-FWqI0pIPspNF9S0mrqQg-jr0usya0R7IFcA9u1ANovpulP2LUBaMJt/s640/HPIM17463.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2003</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Cutwaters are provided on upstream side
and are triangular. Their levels are low with straight finish.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1G_1ks6-3_yxiwmS5bgtrU7fJ66hb5O3MbigslwWvJgOihqmFoqzXBU6UriacbMiqJHE6bX-wC1DeRpli0CNrvZUmNt1sPiFUfWULOm0_enMiFX6-XJSMUIgCvMIHPzKbmGBiup8WzwCL/s640/2.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="476" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2003</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">On
the upstream side of the bridge, there are reclamation pieces on the facade. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge parapets are made of large
stone blocks.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC_td1lPMlKWSnrjRqxTB_qwU6L9-2-bzqHTwP2FsMW1Wtz0DI9LwXODL_szHarOROvMqUqTSH7R1iP44AOWOiKwoOCjqQJ-w6zSZoRqADxsI4uVPmABhIitFcDwRRQSN_b3I_afmDHfQE/s1600/1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC_td1lPMlKWSnrjRqxTB_qwU6L9-2-bzqHTwP2FsMW1Wtz0DI9LwXODL_szHarOROvMqUqTSH7R1iP44AOWOiKwoOCjqQJ-w6zSZoRqADxsI4uVPmABhIitFcDwRRQSN_b3I_afmDHfQE/s400/1.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2003</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Çulpan dates the bridge to Seljuk times, linking its construction to the 1332 Caravansary constructed by Ahi Emir Ahmet nearby the bridge. This caravansary was demolished in 1944.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bird house on the bridge by KantarAtlas-2003</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">An inscription is on the upstream side of the bridge on upstream side in Armenian with 9 lines carved on red stone.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Inscription of the Bridge by KantarAtlas-2003</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The Bridge is made of yellow cut stone of relatively large sizes.</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"> Spoilen Pieces Bridge by KantarAtlas-2003</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge was repaired by t</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">he
governor of Sivas Halil Rifat Pasha (1882-1885) with finance provided by Silahtarzade
Mehmet Ali Efendi.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: black;">Location:</span>39.75873, 36.76518</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-24934113525504800182019-03-27T10:58:00.000-07:002019-03-27T10:58:21.624-07:00Şekerpınarı Bridge<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Şekerpınarı Bridge is also named Akköprü meaning White Bridge. This Second name is a very common name in the bridge world so to better to avoid confusion. I will continue to use Şekerpınarı, meaning "sugar-spring" in Turkish referring to a picnic area north of the bridge.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDS0wPbSGr0feZKJXtAntTMPoo5kugbFX37VGcB3a-7NKUzwJkmt3t9w83NYD0a6-6i7wTs-w3NfradfmBPYYua5e-Yg_0TPpZZDSOGmqbnYINYxEycXBR5AE0QaqI95nqH156WXyc9GaV/s1600/KT-134-Sekerpinar.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1138" data-original-width="1543" height="473" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDS0wPbSGr0feZKJXtAntTMPoo5kugbFX37VGcB3a-7NKUzwJkmt3t9w83NYD0a6-6i7wTs-w3NfradfmBPYYua5e-Yg_0TPpZZDSOGmqbnYINYxEycXBR5AE0QaqI95nqH156WXyc9GaV/s640/KT-134-Sekerpinar.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Bridge view from :Book "Kilometre Taşları" - Feyzi Akkaya</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">This crossing is very important being a vital access to Cilicia and therefore called the "Cilician Gates". It is in the Taurus mountains, crossing over Çakıtsuyu Creek, a tributary of Sarus (Seyhan) river. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Although still usable, it is now abandoned. It is between the state highway to the east and the Railway to the west.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYRHmOkJruv-gqR9V3r8_AkUrRgOXiwnMJqc-DyDJWOx5B6lF6XGcr1b_T0NTJB2jUnmuBF5p0r6Q8ffYxmCW9QztyDcxsy-ofj61Edz7bRB-Lf9hNZZ2pdtl0zZaNPC22bMo7HhNdIP9x/s1600/HPIM7354.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1205" data-original-width="1600" height="482" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYRHmOkJruv-gqR9V3r8_AkUrRgOXiwnMJqc-DyDJWOx5B6lF6XGcr1b_T0NTJB2jUnmuBF5p0r6Q8ffYxmCW9QztyDcxsy-ofj61Edz7bRB-Lf9hNZZ2pdtl0zZaNPC22bMo7HhNdIP9x/s640/HPIM7354.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Bridge View - Photo: Kantaratlas 2007 </span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif;">Exact date of the bridge construction is not known but the crossing had been used since the Roman Empire era. It was also used during the Byzantine Empire, the Seljuks of Anatolia, the Karamanids and the Ottoman Empire. In the 14th and 15th centuries, it was the customs post of the Karamanids, who controlled the area to the north of the bridge.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4YOiEZZJ2DUif6nqpEY7H2FrSDxfV3gROXo8Ra-LBzspLmK71AmGj6VGg7MiK4h_yymDmMpZ7vr7OC8hlPvwIlTKgVzTTT1aiRAq3aO2NpBA9BiwCSROwkCHQpLe1Bj3S5ta8EX4-crPg/s1600/tara0013+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><img border="0" data-original-height="985" data-original-width="1385" height="452" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4YOiEZZJ2DUif6nqpEY7H2FrSDxfV3gROXo8Ra-LBzspLmK71AmGj6VGg7MiK4h_yymDmMpZ7vr7OC8hlPvwIlTKgVzTTT1aiRAq3aO2NpBA9BiwCSROwkCHQpLe1Bj3S5ta8EX4-crPg/s640/tara0013+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Bridge View by Çulpan</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">"The Cicilian gates" had been documented by many travelers and historians and definitely it dates back to Roman times. Ramsay mentions the earlier roman bridge.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Ramsay 1960 also mention many bridges around the vicinity therefore it is not clear to identify the date of the bridge.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_xk5YOqot7jDiXVRdNI3FooUCVjboCiYoBh3ETFB5pArFynvRVCCY_ePulFodohHUcQ7MbI270RM-dhUkM2BgvU0bLofKKeMn26uYcDh_HA7I-0h7IUT5etOkJPim9-PHxK7b1b8hSXtQ/s1600/tara0013.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1005" data-original-width="1385" height="462" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_xk5YOqot7jDiXVRdNI3FooUCVjboCiYoBh3ETFB5pArFynvRVCCY_ePulFodohHUcQ7MbI270RM-dhUkM2BgvU0bLofKKeMn26uYcDh_HA7I-0h7IUT5etOkJPim9-PHxK7b1b8hSXtQ/s640/tara0013.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Arch ring is made of stones with two different color, from : Çulpan</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">From A. Janke, we learn the bridge had been constructed in medieval time. </span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHqOAcw1TdEnrOHDM1IjSrMTRiBMdcLI-9iWu902Xkfid10SUxAqS77mElQTDM4JOzWNetHQutA60hJCPtRDfYnCocYWyV28TLq_eGzIbX9u2nbHTna9s4JGrtfj2DpjX0btxBz6WRSpqU/s1600/sekerp%25C4%25B1nar+%25281%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1205" data-original-width="1600" height="482" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHqOAcw1TdEnrOHDM1IjSrMTRiBMdcLI-9iWu902Xkfid10SUxAqS77mElQTDM4JOzWNetHQutA60hJCPtRDfYnCocYWyV28TLq_eGzIbX9u2nbHTna9s4JGrtfj2DpjX0btxBz6WRSpqU/s640/sekerp%25C4%25B1nar+%25281%2529.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Photo: Kantaratlas 2007 </span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Another account comes from local historian Kasim Ener and a story narrating the death of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ma%27mun">Al Mamun</a> in 833 by the river water and also mention the bridge. So the earliest record of the bridge is dated 833.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiokWZAGilpA4vqp0uiMJerLlQB5V5rZV74jtMV1IexZEGMPwEdeLkErF8Lg4Tqzi9XlhDCa6vt3z-1HzE_ef0nGVFchyQhTBiM6R6d-j-_m4Kv-LzNcMGQWdFWxJDKJ3ByDrDObV8hQbL5/s1600/XGJC7_006.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1097" data-original-width="1500" height="468" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiokWZAGilpA4vqp0uiMJerLlQB5V5rZV74jtMV1IexZEGMPwEdeLkErF8Lg4Tqzi9XlhDCa6vt3z-1HzE_ef0nGVFchyQhTBiM6R6d-j-_m4Kv-LzNcMGQWdFWxJDKJ3ByDrDObV8hQbL5/s640/XGJC7_006.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Bridge with its cranked entrance - From Internet</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge is single span and has a cranked plan. It still has steep approaches. 83m long, it has a 35m span with 5.7m width.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFFSH13b-8r7fYV-1e6WC714jtj6VzrE3sOLmsrMYZxEct11DNh9X0QmrAvLBG_A5Q8uwYqW87QHX7SCpmOi_K4IitmjwEdAgre3qX0eRCYI7bBjGJuGdCEXEFaF5qX_yMGI698kP8_qOD/s1600/HPIM7362.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1205" data-original-width="1600" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFFSH13b-8r7fYV-1e6WC714jtj6VzrE3sOLmsrMYZxEct11DNh9X0QmrAvLBG_A5Q8uwYqW87QHX7SCpmOi_K4IitmjwEdAgre3qX0eRCYI7bBjGJuGdCEXEFaF5qX_yMGI698kP8_qOD/s400/HPIM7362.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Photo: Kantaratlas 2007 </span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Anabasis in 1944, describes the crossing as so narrow as to only let one cart to pass and very steep, "in here one man can stop the whole army".</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge arch was made from alternating two colors of stone used to stagger the voussoirs. This feature is lost nowadays through repairs.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Location: 37.47077, 34.86241</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">References:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">https://followinghadrian.com/2017/10/15/15th-october-117-ad-hadrian-crosses-the-cilician-gates-and-arrives-in-cappadocia-hadrian1900/</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-5229518724723583152019-03-25T07:49:00.002-07:002019-03-25T07:49:09.456-07:00Ayamama Bridge<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">One of the undated bridge in Istanbul Turkey. It is on Ayamama Stream. Its location definitely served for the transportation route since Roman times , as it is on the same route with the Roman Menekşe Bridge.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnjEyazJxjUi5rGlz7bMVTEQ8zfDRqOical4CyAUdbbPvTBj3Ubp1SMH2IP6TDbxIV_Yvzxonhj32Ot2jjEN9C0__j2n2B7Evd9iMMyvFogo8cZ7GqIpN_MC3ONc7rz2Cy5VGy_3aEr0MT/s1600/sinanin_5_asirlik_koprusunu_ihmal_vurdu13863222200_h1102774.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="304" data-original-width="628" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnjEyazJxjUi5rGlz7bMVTEQ8zfDRqOical4CyAUdbbPvTBj3Ubp1SMH2IP6TDbxIV_Yvzxonhj32Ot2jjEN9C0__j2n2B7Evd9iMMyvFogo8cZ7GqIpN_MC3ONc7rz2Cy5VGy_3aEr0MT/s640/sinanin_5_asirlik_koprusunu_ihmal_vurdu13863222200_h1102774.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge View - Photo: Internet-2018</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Ayamama Bridge stands out among stone bridges with is elegant and different spandrel walls , which are like retaining walls with a gentle taper to the deck layer from a wider foundations imprints.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU_tdV2eSxRJD57LeR0LT7tNmofzzK0w0ITXZhcuJYLDI7JjtsoWTx-oqUdnzhDGOVGdC5IHcltqqKowftttY0zmisbEB6vdL_YvQfS6bI0NrfORdXZKgySrvpj6_91qQKB8POzgSoqDv2/s1600/HPIM0848.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU_tdV2eSxRJD57LeR0LT7tNmofzzK0w0ITXZhcuJYLDI7JjtsoWTx-oqUdnzhDGOVGdC5IHcltqqKowftttY0zmisbEB6vdL_YvQfS6bI0NrfORdXZKgySrvpj6_91qQKB8POzgSoqDv2/s320/HPIM0848.JPG" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge View - Photo: KantarAtlas-2004</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">It is 3 span and still looks compact for its structural parts even though its deck is removed completely.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4dMjk-_Nr4G3qd_q5HUzVW9sq86gqDUrdFmcLgZwyi_NITHANpcflYDEojQAnHrtMG1FQeEwtn5rjO34LUmgFjJTvWEdGx5SnQFBHSguYg5uQEk-UovKSHHnxlsuNe0L2KjqnVtPPKerM/s1600/HPIM0850.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4dMjk-_Nr4G3qd_q5HUzVW9sq86gqDUrdFmcLgZwyi_NITHANpcflYDEojQAnHrtMG1FQeEwtn5rjO34LUmgFjJTvWEdGx5SnQFBHSguYg5uQEk-UovKSHHnxlsuNe0L2KjqnVtPPKerM/s640/HPIM0850.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge View - Photo: KantarAtlas-2004</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">With its dimensions and some details, it resembles Haramidere Bridge. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Ayamama bridge has brick arch which is covered with stone on the outside and obviously from the recent photos filled in between the spandrels walls with rubble and gravel.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-b86XeIfzrERXIcKyT_tNOF4HGwGXTcNj506M3XxwreSYhPGqNk59bb5cgberW22iuveiWrclTxonU4DJtEeElGh_TzCeFwD21VVpKHUzNQZOeg9JVMuD0pHHG_VMlMfo1OIlExU5NYwU/s1600/HPIM0853.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-b86XeIfzrERXIcKyT_tNOF4HGwGXTcNj506M3XxwreSYhPGqNk59bb5cgberW22iuveiWrclTxonU4DJtEeElGh_TzCeFwD21VVpKHUzNQZOeg9JVMuD0pHHG_VMlMfo1OIlExU5NYwU/s400/HPIM0853.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge View - Photo: KantarAtlas-2004</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTm7UlUlvzb1JrpbfCO15yoYgTBIsyQ1Df94SxaTY4cdS0UY90e4Rd5IvNwqzFdaK9r7Oj9yRD7PHnpE-ISrPfB208yNWF6dA5kw42w5f-sHY4bUYrcH4FVYB2kB1xjqAh2IsU_kvo6xq5/s1600/HPIM0862.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTm7UlUlvzb1JrpbfCO15yoYgTBIsyQ1Df94SxaTY4cdS0UY90e4Rd5IvNwqzFdaK9r7Oj9yRD7PHnpE-ISrPfB208yNWF6dA5kw42w5f-sHY4bUYrcH4FVYB2kB1xjqAh2IsU_kvo6xq5/s640/HPIM0862.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge Pier Detail Photo: KantarAtlas-2004</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">It is fine example of a stone bridge with its unique features. I hope it can survive the harsh conditions and no maintenance and also the uncontrollable growth of İstanbul city.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilz1n3hm5Ojtwce2MHEAG1rXdX3FykRci4NB1pNqfc6S0izOofn1J_9w5qAf6xly4cZZGaqab6kPXXH_B_tgEDHl6IOhXMN8p6sWi8xxGZa2596nUTgTtH5kkW-ZYZsvAhyphenhyphengSM_nFy0RpX/s1600/HPIM0864.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="480" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilz1n3hm5Ojtwce2MHEAG1rXdX3FykRci4NB1pNqfc6S0izOofn1J_9w5qAf6xly4cZZGaqab6kPXXH_B_tgEDHl6IOhXMN8p6sWi8xxGZa2596nUTgTtH5kkW-ZYZsvAhyphenhyphengSM_nFy0RpX/s640/HPIM0864.JPG" width="480" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Pier resembles Aqueduct piers - Photo: KantarAtlas-2004</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Location: 41.028303, 28.808543</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; line-height: 19.5px;">References:</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-89168007827952418472019-03-22T06:17:00.001-07:002019-03-22T06:17:54.988-07:00Değirmendere Bridge<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Degirmendere
Bridge, is one of the significant monuments in Trabzon. It was constructed
when the previous bridge collapsed during a heavy flood in 1890.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7U7HaymsMxj6EAtX5bQQb1MnDbWGITPO_uGm200Re1dsfJ0FV6_aBlaPLxTmKUjtZJqCWkfja2PHTkA_Bf-LbiQWC8lMM0Qqy5-twskQmt0mkQWNMLl8VD587haYHiJ-esE1zExIL3DIb/s1600/293167_10150303170743728_4207479_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="479" data-original-width="720" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7U7HaymsMxj6EAtX5bQQb1MnDbWGITPO_uGm200Re1dsfJ0FV6_aBlaPLxTmKUjtZJqCWkfja2PHTkA_Bf-LbiQWC8lMM0Qqy5-twskQmt0mkQWNMLl8VD587haYHiJ-esE1zExIL3DIb/s400/293167_10150303170743728_4207479_n.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Previous Bridge collapsed during flood in 1890- From:Internet</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The Bridge history is well known from the archive documents. Bridge construction
started 30 July 1891 with a design prepared by the local Municipality, and completed in 1892. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-C9hZix70r5vN1To8d3fSah85LNu0RxEDjYEuLwe9H7DUnXkItTeJqen0RJXzPR19ZHbD20QDAW4KWhivjZxgWNxhAyXMiRKmeD_EThTAG3GiQwfkWgYNJh4hpr6ySkQtgjMinphYA2-b/s1600/Resim+002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-C9hZix70r5vN1To8d3fSah85LNu0RxEDjYEuLwe9H7DUnXkItTeJqen0RJXzPR19ZHbD20QDAW4KWhivjZxgWNxhAyXMiRKmeD_EThTAG3GiQwfkWgYNJh4hpr6ySkQtgjMinphYA2-b/s400/Resim+002.jpg" width="300" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge Pier - Kantaratlas - 2005</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">It
is a segmental arch bridge in the city center of Trabzon. It provided continuity
for the coastal road and until recently still functioned as a part of the main arterial. Only
recently closed the vehicle traffic. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Bridge was financed by the Nemlio<i><span lang="TR" style="color: #333333;">ğ</span></i>lu family, who were a
local family and also sponsored many other education and construction
facilities like Erzurum-Trabzon trade road including bridges, Samsun-<span style="color: #333333;"> <span lang="TR">Çarşamba</span></span><span lang="TR"> </span>railway line and <span lang="TR" style="color: #333333;">İzmir –Nif railway line are the main projects in transportation. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSriMcbkMT6ZYL4G3_3Li5yZT1E12uxW_vzaS5_t8oYMhRY8Af421WEUbvtuLB8zJVH24V98WcCeDo7xCNsifj5_B1fivX29d5VKsLGuf-GLxTHMiFluGDD0tgFpytAN-lYw3YVMTpYCsO/s1600/3470055_0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="397" data-original-width="634" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSriMcbkMT6ZYL4G3_3Li5yZT1E12uxW_vzaS5_t8oYMhRY8Af421WEUbvtuLB8zJVH24V98WcCeDo7xCNsifj5_B1fivX29d5VKsLGuf-GLxTHMiFluGDD0tgFpytAN-lYw3YVMTpYCsO/s640/3470055_0.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge from a Distance- From:Internet</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span lang="TR" style="color: #333333;"> The Designer of the bridge is given as </span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Isıdor de Sulima Ralsnonomy as read from original
(1891) design drawings in</span><span style="color: #333333;"> a paper posted below.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW3rRnzhYf4h13wszImgKoflwrUl59Iv6wQWvg-cjm4_z9NUcDXpJz3M9PDOwkbD8fSQoKcjj-u42gS05a_1mRV0xhGioZJ3Os-mvyNSADiAbjzwsYUBJpfXshHesZHVcRMAM8Y1atCnue/s1600/Resim+004.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="481" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW3rRnzhYf4h13wszImgKoflwrUl59Iv6wQWvg-cjm4_z9NUcDXpJz3M9PDOwkbD8fSQoKcjj-u42gS05a_1mRV0xhGioZJ3Os-mvyNSADiAbjzwsYUBJpfXshHesZHVcRMAM8Y1atCnue/s640/Resim+004.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge Closer Look - Kantaratlas - 2005</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Ralsnonomy
was a French engineer -unfortunately I couldn't find any information about him- and probably involved in a
project in the region or the railway lines in Turkey. This explains the
outstanding style of the bridge with its segmental arch. Another bridge is Gecit
Bridge, Bursa also designed by another expat foreign engineer called <span style="color: #222222;">Leclercq in 1886. Another feature is the piers to have the same geometry up to deck level also resembles the famous bridges in Paris and also
the Roman Beskopru Bridge , if you don’t want to go that far.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuRRESb9sjmdFCobSgmLjbDRWjZ2qRmuQubjdmE8zp4rds2mpiagZwJXMxD3x28NRAQCvXx3gVKoB8BSsUr25cJV8P8QZKF4AlBzmTGpam44438BxTug6rXZ3P-c9uErQ3MDibpCB-ucuk/s1600/Resim+006.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuRRESb9sjmdFCobSgmLjbDRWjZ2qRmuQubjdmE8zp4rds2mpiagZwJXMxD3x28NRAQCvXx3gVKoB8BSsUr25cJV8P8QZKF4AlBzmTGpam44438BxTug6rXZ3P-c9uErQ3MDibpCB-ucuk/s400/Resim+006.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Degirmendere
</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">Bridge is 137m long and 5m high. Piers are 7m wide in transverse
direction. Timber piles are from alnus rubra (Kizilagac)
which is common in the region. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">The main 3 Spans of the bridge are all identical and 12m in span.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3cN43hdFnF0XtyRREOW4xizdxtXFe-6SWqYf8Tve_OcoO8fnvqjpCvucc8L6mDPOVjYU0_0zZUv2EsCG9e67wN0KlZt5y93Q6GD13V0AcbLRuF3P8xHy1PC_DUp_LLeVpo78BBC1em2cu/s1600/Resim+016.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3cN43hdFnF0XtyRREOW4xizdxtXFe-6SWqYf8Tve_OcoO8fnvqjpCvucc8L6mDPOVjYU0_0zZUv2EsCG9e67wN0KlZt5y93Q6GD13V0AcbLRuF3P8xHy1PC_DUp_LLeVpo78BBC1em2cu/s400/Resim+016.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge and Formwork Support Recesses- Kantaratlas - 2005</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Bridge's original parapets were solid stone but nowadays there are fancy white colored iron parapets. At least color of the parapet could have been better matched to the bridge but white might have been chosen to make them easily recognizable especially in the dark.</span></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCekrbUdQ2v6X5OdUXj_4HKyQQgCxgyxntBYS6ZJceylhG9LEIDGGLkV-wtN33_l0XZ4cnkC4tg4KiNWXCa-U_bdj959_HNp332ZUPWwTbfBBIWhIFWiz75F-EPO06IzHfmhrFbL1sONgK/s1600/Resim+012.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1092" data-original-width="1600" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCekrbUdQ2v6X5OdUXj_4HKyQQgCxgyxntBYS6ZJceylhG9LEIDGGLkV-wtN33_l0XZ4cnkC4tg4KiNWXCa-U_bdj959_HNp332ZUPWwTbfBBIWhIFWiz75F-EPO06IzHfmhrFbL1sONgK/s320/Resim+012.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge with turns at the Ends- From:Internet</span></td></tr>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">A following 4th span is a small one for
water discharge during flood. On west side there is another discharge span
provided.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"> Location: 40.997342, 39.756393</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">References: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273072217_Stone_Masonry_Arch_Bridges_in_Turkey_and_Analysis_of_a_Sample_Bridge_Including_Nonlinear_Behavior</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">http://artuklumimarlik.com.tr/tarihi-degermendere-koprusu/</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">http://www.eskiturkiye.net/3095/degirmendere-koprusu-trabzon-15-ocak-1932</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">http://ozhanozturk.com/2018/01/11/1912-secimlerinde-trabzon/</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-26078658943142659842019-03-11T07:15:00.000-07:002019-03-11T07:15:58.918-07:00Cnidus Bridge<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">An
antique corbel bridge is near Cnidus, an ancient Greek settlement in Turkey.
Nowadays it is called Çeşmeköy, a town of Muğla Province. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBJ9j9DpbyybYcjmwmGD4F6NGrE2Xe3zNaMMM3JHaQba8FZ3fa4b_1WQv5PgKV-yujtnosM5RhRFetEi5JsAkvKq_TJ3bExn4RCJnDawUFR1WoTjMU3CbLVz5HLxVU_mVBYayDraGANDpT/s1600/New+Bitmap+Image.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="1100" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBJ9j9DpbyybYcjmwmGD4F6NGrE2Xe3zNaMMM3JHaQba8FZ3fa4b_1WQv5PgKV-yujtnosM5RhRFetEi5JsAkvKq_TJ3bExn4RCJnDawUFR1WoTjMU3CbLVz5HLxVU_mVBYayDraGANDpT/s400/New+Bitmap+Image.bmp" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge location circled Red</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The
Bridge is not in the ancient settlement, rather it is in the hills on the road
from the Mainland to the Coastline where the ancient city of Cnidus was located
on the coastline.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">It is accessible from a town called Çeşmeköy and clear directions
and many photos are given in the web site posted below. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Photo from: https://www.datcadetay.com</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The
Bridge is recorded by George Bean who described it as "one of the finest
one of Greek bridges… It is in a good condition except the top portions. ''<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Photo from: https://www.datcadetay.com</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The Bridge is given as 4m wide in the web site with 50m length.
Another book by <span style="background: white; color: #333333;">Charles Thomas
Newton,</span> dated 1863, gives the width of the bridge as 7.3m (24').<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1oJc8BhrRF2UuBi_CN3F4cJWv2VOPcJqrMq4kvlX_LZadxDPaOz_UVNEbw28sJCVWgOGsIpSZrRVHrbq03vowlrErDZWoIRigXXrllBHJXDMqQ7iCnOd3nn2OvqIbBvn9767e3BKQSyyZ/s1600/antik-kopru-5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="532" data-original-width="800" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1oJc8BhrRF2UuBi_CN3F4cJWv2VOPcJqrMq4kvlX_LZadxDPaOz_UVNEbw28sJCVWgOGsIpSZrRVHrbq03vowlrErDZWoIRigXXrllBHJXDMqQ7iCnOd3nn2OvqIbBvn9767e3BKQSyyZ/s640/antik-kopru-5.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Photo from: https://www.datcadetay.com</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Even in its half ruin state, it is quite high and wide. It should
have been crossing a considerable distance as the cantilevering is started
right at the bottom of the wall rather than only applying the corbel at the
upper levels of the wall.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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The top portion of the arch is already collapsed. Corbelled portion is
separated as seen from photos and it was probably constructed separately.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Location:</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">36.69023, 27.48334</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Resources: </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">https://www.datcadetay.com/kemerli-antik-kopru.html</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">https://books.google.com.qa/books?</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">id=KLxLAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=bridge&f=false</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knidos</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">https://www.academia.edu/34785114/Ancient_Cnidus_and_Its_Vicinity_700-400_BC_.pdf</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-68675147093641357962019-03-05T05:59:00.002-08:002019-03-05T05:59:32.861-08:00Pollio Aquaduct Bridge<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="text-align: justify;">Even though I tried to exclude aqueduct bridges in my blog to limit the blog coverage, it was unavoidable to ignore some like the Pollio Aqueduct as it is one of the most beautiful ancient bridge structures in the whole world.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQSiq2doUhyphenhyphen7DpVkCALIxDOq5dPauJFNGf_pnfh_y1ng_awgKcHVdfHyIaIxmLQk9T0IB-d7NEwmY9_2Oo0Y2FCZoMF4bp38XAJQ6bWcdJCYBXmmHjz78V_rKhublD84fVhwOPIL7OCZIs/s1600/pollio-aquaedukt-karien-e6010969.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQSiq2doUhyphenhyphen7DpVkCALIxDOq5dPauJFNGf_pnfh_y1ng_awgKcHVdfHyIaIxmLQk9T0IB-d7NEwmY9_2Oo0Y2FCZoMF4bp38XAJQ6bWcdJCYBXmmHjz78V_rKhublD84fVhwOPIL7OCZIs/s400/pollio-aquaedukt-karien-e6010969.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Polio Aqueduct in Ephesus - İzmir </span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The Aqueduct is dated through its inscription at 4-14 AD . It was built as a benefaction by an Ephesian noble named Pollio.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Inscription is bilingual in Greek and Latin. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">It's text is translated as : C. Sextillius Pollio erected this structure with his wife Ofillia Bassa and his stepson C. Ofillius Proculus from their own funds in honor of Augustus, Tiberius, and the Ephesian demos.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8t0JRT86F6MDdzwfoPfCc_Ei4Nuf5k4BmQ2RzYKuhjai-_ddXl4Hod571jiB2dhVvn9YjOVU384gz9QNP4rvug5uxXwdDmYkVG1VUG-mm7OBOopOiQucehreCEBIKX-eEtw0rWKrjVYR4/s1600/Binder1_Page_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1036" data-original-width="1600" height="411" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8t0JRT86F6MDdzwfoPfCc_Ei4Nuf5k4BmQ2RzYKuhjai-_ddXl4Hod571jiB2dhVvn9YjOVU384gz9QNP4rvug5uxXwdDmYkVG1VUG-mm7OBOopOiQucehreCEBIKX-eEtw0rWKrjVYR4/s640/Binder1_Page_1.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Sketch by Choiseul-Gouffier</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The Inscription is on both sides of the aqueduct, located at the top of the lower row of arches .</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFDyhgr_sKFjss7L9Kkv1zjMdjAVVrW2nAXBOdHnoB6NasAOSh6eoj6gxMIleR2YtoKSYL3MADltgTWzqIQEw5Ts8KL8rCrIzuUSXO5fNcNJ80C9pUBhGsJBqgvCDNd-CtoFN44h1Wp0vP/s1600/pollio-aquaedukt-karien-e6010961.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFDyhgr_sKFjss7L9Kkv1zjMdjAVVrW2nAXBOdHnoB6NasAOSh6eoj6gxMIleR2YtoKSYL3MADltgTWzqIQEw5Ts8KL8rCrIzuUSXO5fNcNJ80C9pUBhGsJBqgvCDNd-CtoFN44h1Wp0vP/s640/pollio-aquaedukt-karien-e6010961.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">This Aqueduct was part of a system which supplied water to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephesus">Ephesus</a>. It has two storeys and crosses over the river Marna, nowadays called Dervend Dere. It runs in an East-West direction. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Height of the structure is 16m . The lower row comprised three large arches each with a span of 5.2m and an six upper storey of arches are 2.75m.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">In Roman aqueducts, when they feature two successive rows of arches, these rows are typically precisely aligned one over the other.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Sketch by Choiseul-Gouffier</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephesus">Ephesus </a>the arrangement of the arches is different with second row of half span of the one row spans. As a result the arches in the first row also carry the pier of second row at the keystone, which is an example of the arch behavior and how the point load applied at the keystone , fully symmetrical, will only increase the capacity of the arch.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">I haven't yet come across a similar aqueduct that has a second row with this half span arrangement.</span></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAbcYTg8yKdl-PW8UAoBZQnUUiOx6JGK951NpzDtOLmhHJ4Z8aEM0fYE5qgWr5Mnq1KdjJYlrmP-7opgokS7sod4oUOwp-O86N3qvGAZPkJ8lH97HCCsR4vZvhMVPd3lQyaOIFWF2c_h6G/s1600/The-Pollio-aqueduct.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAbcYTg8yKdl-PW8UAoBZQnUUiOx6JGK951NpzDtOLmhHJ4Z8aEM0fYE5qgWr5Mnq1KdjJYlrmP-7opgokS7sod4oUOwp-O86N3qvGAZPkJ8lH97HCCsR4vZvhMVPd3lQyaOIFWF2c_h6G/s640/The-Pollio-aqueduct.png" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Aquaduct Bridge from Internet</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">As the top arches looks like a smaller scale version of the first row, it makes the structure look adorable with this pattern.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The aqueduct’s arches were built of marble blocks . The lateral walls flanking the rows of arches are made of small stones held together with mortar.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif;">The architectural form of both storeys are similar, with very few differences. The rows of arches were supported by columns with a rectangular cross-section (</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif;">pilasters</a><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif;">). </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUzys70nqNVG1tThhbvg9lWHnfJu8hvop0wV1aZ9c7RIwyRrXa5Yp6drrp0kotB412RakTdkkNN6_uc8s8KOPI5n9SDYao-jw9k5w73KSoVvLFKREADqbGqt6Y3YJwtnGZyDdaU8TUIJnE/s1600/wass01b.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUzys70nqNVG1tThhbvg9lWHnfJu8hvop0wV1aZ9c7RIwyRrXa5Yp6drrp0kotB412RakTdkkNN6_uc8s8KOPI5n9SDYao-jw9k5w73KSoVvLFKREADqbGqt6Y3YJwtnGZyDdaU8TUIJnE/s400/wass01b.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge Sketch from: http://asiaminor.ehw.gr</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The arch voussoirs are plain for the first row and carved on the second row. There are imposts at every span. Impost has a curved cornice stone around all four sides.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Over the upper row of arches a protruding cornice formed where the stone water conduit was placed.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil44qia3Rbldeze08Rsewn1-zxRss4TxaZtc88byd2tuySYxxAb_J0KDC3AEeK9qOPiw5ha0oSfmrfkAkoxKMlsVwwVj-1AK5Ram2k5uwOWWHlCeh2OuUT_FqAH36yYW0ykGISDUHW5j_w/s1600/2018-01-10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="600" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil44qia3Rbldeze08Rsewn1-zxRss4TxaZtc88byd2tuySYxxAb_J0KDC3AEeK9qOPiw5ha0oSfmrfkAkoxKMlsVwwVj-1AK5Ram2k5uwOWWHlCeh2OuUT_FqAH36yYW0ykGISDUHW5j_w/s640/2018-01-10.jpg" width="355" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge from below - Photo : https://lh3.googleusercontent.com</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">It forms part of the ‘Aqua Throessitica’, which was the name of the water supply system funded by Hadrian. It crossed through the city’s outskirts carrying water to Ephesus and supplied the so-called ‘Administrative Block’ and the city’s Nymphaea.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">I listed references from web site </span><a href="http://asiaminor.ehw.gr/Forms/fLemmaBody.aspx?lemmaid=12658" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">http://asiaminor.ehw.gr</a><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> below. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">I was only able to find </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Choiseul-Gouffier, who also provided sketches and the copy of both inscriptions of the monument.</span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidM86W03bzhCj4-49_5AREkUZrFw5a02vjffFRNG5FwYvPjiVSSY84mOhkGhpnxl4JN3ABd9Rauk-XBmwdpVOKT2FJDAZ3Qz6A4MZg12zeouGsZygmW74qpfCxJdMP8lTeVveOoqHRTSRI/s1600/pollio-aquaedukt-karien-e6010974.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidM86W03bzhCj4-49_5AREkUZrFw5a02vjffFRNG5FwYvPjiVSSY84mOhkGhpnxl4JN3ABd9Rauk-XBmwdpVOKT2FJDAZ3Qz6A4MZg12zeouGsZygmW74qpfCxJdMP8lTeVveOoqHRTSRI/s400/pollio-aquaedukt-karien-e6010974.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The aqueduct’s architectural form and details of its construction have been published by W. Wilberg in the third volume of the Austrian Institute’s excavation reports from Ephesus. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">It has been included by W. Alzinger in his study on the architecture of the Augustan era at Ephesus.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Both inscriptions are given below:</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidM86W03bzhCj4-49_5AREkUZrFw5a02vjffFRNG5FwYvPjiVSSY84mOhkGhpnxl4JN3ABd9Rauk-XBmwdpVOKT2FJDAZ3Qz6A4MZg12zeouGsZygmW74qpfCxJdMP8lTeVveOoqHRTSRI/s1600/pollio-aquaedukt-karien-e6010974.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span></a></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Sketch by Choiseul-Gouffier</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Αρτέμιδι Έφεσ[ί]αι καὶ Αὐτοκράτορι Κ[αί]σαρι Σεβαστῶι καὶ Τιβερίωι Καίσαρι Σεβαστοῦ υἱῶι καὶ</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span><br /><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">τῶι δήμωι τῶν Έφεσίων Γάιος Σεξτίλιος Ποπλίου υἱὸς Οὐοτουρία Πολλίων σύν Όφελλία Αὒλο[υ]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span><br /><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">θυγατρὶ Βαάσσῃ τῇ ἑατοῦ γυναικὶ καὶ Γαίωι Όφ[ελ]λίωι Πρόκλωι τῶι ἑατοῦ υἱῶι καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span><br /><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">τεκνοις τὴν γεφύραν έκ τῶν ἰδίων ἀνέθηκεν</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Location: 37,900236,27.368449</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">References:</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">http://dagakactim.blogspot.com/2015/01/camlik-sirince-yuruyusu.html</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMna5FR23EN_5ncHVEdzDCSBlwcf1LoHM7gg_8f=w600-k</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">https://homepage.univie.ac.at/elisabeth.trinkl/forum/forum1297/05wass.htm</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">http://asiaminor.ehw.gr/Forms/fLemmaBody.aspx?lemmaid=12658</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">http://www.histolia.de/sonstige-orte/pollio-aquaedukt-karien.html</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Chandler, R., Travels in Asia Minor 1764-1765 (London 1971), pp. 77-78.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Choiseul-Gouffier, M. G. A. F., Voyage pittoresque de la Grèce (Paris 1823), p. 307, tables 118-119.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Forchheimer, P. - Heberdey, R. - Keil, J. - Niemann, G. - Wilberg, W., Agora, Torbauten am Hafen, Wasserleitungen, Brunnenhaus beim Theater, Aquädukt (FiE III, Wien 1923), pp. 256-262.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Alzinger, W., Augusteische Architektur in Ephesos (Wien 1974), pp. 21-23</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Coulton, J.J., Roman aqueducts in Asia Minor. London, The Society of Antiquaries, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">"Roman architecture in the Greek world" (eds.: S. Macready, F.H. Thompson), S.72-84,</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">1987. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">(PDF) HISTORICAL WATERWORKS IN TURKEY. Available from: </span><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266604050_HISTORICAL_WATERWORKS_IN_TURKEY" style="font-size: x-small;">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266604050_HISTORICAL_WATERWORKS_IN_TURKEY</a><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> [accessed Nov 21 2018]</span></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-335144918368143722019-02-20T19:47:00.000-08:002019-02-20T19:47:15.477-08:00Assos Bridge<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">I was very surprised and charmed with this bridge when I saw the remains still standing in a photo taken by people visiting the nearby Behramkale bridge and posted in a blog: <a href="http://erkmensenan.blogspot.com/">http://erkmensenan.blogspot.com</a></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEOUiGV36ulMusbs7WHb67zspvsem1MYuejYUJe-F2tQIwFMlMtfN4mvUZIuCyCO5Qm8DojbeEfrhXZI8v60tlQOdhidpt_D5UK7fsHSdHN0WoOY1Y4lOA3wqs_lXoUnvdSu_Xa9YcVYvM/s1600/clarke1902-0089.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="693" data-original-width="1032" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEOUiGV36ulMusbs7WHb67zspvsem1MYuejYUJe-F2tQIwFMlMtfN4mvUZIuCyCO5Qm8DojbeEfrhXZI8v60tlQOdhidpt_D5UK7fsHSdHN0WoOY1Y4lOA3wqs_lXoUnvdSu_Xa9YcVYvM/s640/clarke1902-0089.bmp" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Report of Investigations at Assos during 1881-1883</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Indeed, I had read about this bridge in Tyrell's bridge history book before and had assumed it would have been washed away already. This is a real antique bridge for its age and also the technique with which it was constructed.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">This Bridge can be classified as a "stone beam bridge"</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOLQYlYr51oqZ0KeYliZX5PxLr3OWnC6byCk3SnbxcPePCeQr9xOY9kZ8YW-dQR0zXfIoQvvAH_JQyPx7KAAPx4d34Uw04sQI6Rr26i0862kgIE9Sy0WXMD-tqib6pjt0ESF7UW17c0aNs/s1600/History+of+Bridge+Engineering+Tyrell-1911+19.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="1263" data-original-width="1600" height="504" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOLQYlYr51oqZ0KeYliZX5PxLr3OWnC6byCk3SnbxcPePCeQr9xOY9kZ8YW-dQR0zXfIoQvvAH_JQyPx7KAAPx4d34Uw04sQI6Rr26i0862kgIE9Sy0WXMD-tqib6pjt0ESF7UW17c0aNs/s640/History+of+Bridge+Engineering+Tyrell-1911+19.jpg" width="640" /></b></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Image from History of <span style="background-color: white; text-align: left;">Bridge</span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"> Engineering, H.G. </span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: left;">Tyrell</span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: left;">, Chicago, 1911</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Below are some notes from the excavation reports made in the area by the American Archaeological Institute during the years 1881-1883.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">"The little river Tuzla, which flows by Behram, always freezes in December and January; and even the swift waters of the Menderes (The ancient Scamander) are covered with ice so thick as to bear a horse and rider. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMw3OGyBMGOok7Su3K9Rx3he_qr7nk5diVR-0yHHXKgeoG0h3SIunZkSTDHQiBHTlMC3m5yDw4rRN7fHsEb8MIumeXc0UEcDFh816g7Ny-7s1K9zHzYs3cjQcbqEXjND44b_uTz1pllbZc/s1600/assos-1+-+Copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="979" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMw3OGyBMGOok7Su3K9Rx3he_qr7nk5diVR-0yHHXKgeoG0h3SIunZkSTDHQiBHTlMC3m5yDw4rRN7fHsEb8MIumeXc0UEcDFh816g7Ny-7s1K9zHzYs3cjQcbqEXjND44b_uTz1pllbZc/s640/assos-1+-+Copy.jpg" width="388" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Report of Investigations at Assos during 1881-1883</span></td></tr>
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In the ancient Greek bridge, which forms one of the most interesting discoveries of the past year, the piers are formed of courses of stones, ingeniously notched and bonded so as to resist the shock and lateral pressure of the ice after the breaking up of the frozen sheet. ..</div>
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The structure is certainly the only existing instance of a work of this kind in which the principle of the lintel, so tenaciously adhered to previous to the age of the Diadochi, has been consistently carried out. The fact that the Greeks seldom attempted the execution of monumental works of engineering, such as were so often undertaken by the Romans, made wooden bridges much more common than those of stone, even in such important positions ...</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPnVrDnIkGnXQTdPo9uDwKWTowzD7L5LeyVBMVUw_OhWz3zWyKACYQWp3L5Y4czncnAk0Lk98md8vAsBuF7SwFrASLUBCLdGsos1bWZKoG_afB5nwpmCenmDNX9sZn1pl7nsVZ4G03AYI_/s1600/SDC19334.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPnVrDnIkGnXQTdPo9uDwKWTowzD7L5LeyVBMVUw_OhWz3zWyKACYQWp3L5Y4czncnAk0Lk98md8vAsBuF7SwFrASLUBCLdGsos1bWZKoG_afB5nwpmCenmDNX9sZn1pl7nsVZ4G03AYI_/s640/SDC19334.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">2010 dated Photo from: http://erkmensenan.blogspot.qa</span></td></tr>
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At Assos, on the other hand, the ruins show the bridge to have maintained its original form unchanged as long as it was in use.</div>
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Upon the southern bank of the stream, above the highwater mark, the stone beams of the platform are still in position.</div>
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The piers are in plan of elongated diamond-shape, and extend upon either side slightly beyond the bridgeway to a length of 3.6 metres. The masonry of these supports consists of large blocks, carefully jointed, and is particularly remarkable for the system of combing by which the action of the current is resisted. </div>
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The detail of pier is given on Plate 35.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia1GVSlEw8Zqmzqk0wX62IQuUOFWU-erF7JQb-vSb5F-cGu3N2Dl5kIlL-ALWO-4WBLHP63NdCXPVJQ_uFETrR_YshkQzP-rLsyNj6ALh0R5NFMiOstdLTenGba41lfgI3ZfPtzmOURznC/s1600/clarke1902-0088.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="710" data-original-width="509" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia1GVSlEw8Zqmzqk0wX62IQuUOFWU-erF7JQb-vSb5F-cGu3N2Dl5kIlL-ALWO-4WBLHP63NdCXPVJQ_uFETrR_YshkQzP-rLsyNj6ALh0R5NFMiOstdLTenGba41lfgI3ZfPtzmOURznC/s640/clarke1902-0088.bmp" width="451" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Report of Investigations at Assos during 1881-1883</span></td></tr>
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The joggles cut twice upon each course made it impossible to displace any stone by lateral pressure without entirely overthrowing the heavy pier, which presented a minimum width to the stream.</div>
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17 piers, thus connected, are known to have extended from the southern bank to the present summer bed of the river, where the last traces were examined. Upon the northern bank are the remains of a heavy abutment. The midsummer work of the second season will determine whether the piers and horizontal stone beams were continued across the deeper water, or a lighter-timbered structure spanned the 13.5meters remaining between the abutment and the last foundation which could be observed after the October rains.</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq9WSSyni-gNyUFybPQmEbXNLyBeviuTPIBzxQpbt4zWMK097kJ_zpPUsfvRPp80BdCWTZnp670tWM4QtJUuRPf5-yArqZQl-5b9I4nQdeem7yS4klbdhbqjDR95dZ2e5REdudr67hBAZq/s1600/clarke1902-0087.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1229" data-original-width="665" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq9WSSyni-gNyUFybPQmEbXNLyBeviuTPIBzxQpbt4zWMK097kJ_zpPUsfvRPp80BdCWTZnp670tWM4QtJUuRPf5-yArqZQl-5b9I4nQdeem7yS4klbdhbqjDR95dZ2e5REdudr67hBAZq/s640/clarke1902-0087.jpg" width="342" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Report of Investigations at Assos during 1881-1883</span></td></tr>
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It is certain that the course of the stream has not changed at this point, which was by the nature of its banks particularly well adapted for the site of a bridge. Only a short distance above, the sandy reach, overflowed by the stream, is several hundred metres broad; while below, in the Halesion Plain, the arches of a Roman bridge (Behramkale Bridge) are so far from the present bed that the water cannot be seen from the ruins.</div>
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A peculiarity of the Assos bridge is that it did not cross the river at right angles, but followed the general direction of the road. The axes of the piers were, however, parallel to the current ; and hence the lintels were in plan placed obliquely upon their foundations.</div>
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The winter bed of the stream, near the bridge, appears to have been entirely paved in antiquity, probably as an approach to the summer bed, where the water is still drawn for the use of the village of Behram during the driest months, as already described ...</div>
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Toward the close of the season trial pits were dug in the river-bed to trace the foundations of the ancient Greek bridge; but this interesting investigation soon had to be cancelled because of the rapid rise of the stream. ...</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijzF8wk4dw_EgHxM-wOLU7DM6g_wIDq4pPO1o8cmCvFrM0OoWauUvuUwLrW1M96xcYWScRqywEEBHZtujCmljBIA_ARnh_lBzzBfO3vwVBzV2uIn4AJYi7OMH5aCUDUj-vXlUGlgBzp8gV/s1600/SDC19332.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijzF8wk4dw_EgHxM-wOLU7DM6g_wIDq4pPO1o8cmCvFrM0OoWauUvuUwLrW1M96xcYWScRqywEEBHZtujCmljBIA_ARnh_lBzzBfO3vwVBzV2uIn4AJYi7OMH5aCUDUj-vXlUGlgBzp8gV/s640/SDC19332.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">2010 dated Photo from: http://erkmensenan.blogspot.qa</span></td></tr>
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Upon these admirable foundations was laid a platform of stone lintels, in length about 3 meters from center to center of the piers. 4 beams were placed side by side to provide a passage more than enough broad for the needs of ancient traffic. Wagons can never have been extensively employed in the rugged Troad. The lintels were bonded together by swallow tailed dowels of wood, in the manner universal in the Hellenic architecture of the 400 BC."</div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge is very well detailed with its connections for stones using wooden pegs- which expand with water making it more effective. Notch detail at the corner stones prevents the sliding of the stones. It does not seem a temporary construction with all this detail for its survival to river flow and flood.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Moreover the skew angle of the road is implemented on beams but piers are aligned parallel to the river flow. This is good engineering to keep the bridge both as short as possible and also minimize the area to river flow while reducing its resistance and scour at its foundation. Skew of the bridge is roughly 10 degrees and I wonder if the foundation has any remarkable details. Excavation works did not go that far for the bridge, I hope it will be some day resumed to reveal more about the bridge.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Location: 39.49861, 26.32703</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><br />References:<br />http://erkmensenan.blogspot.qa/2010/09/assos-satnioeis-tuzla-cay-ve-koprusu.html<br />https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6242/<br />https://archive.org/details/reportoninvest00clar<br />Clarke, Joseph Thacher; Bacon, Francis H.; Koldewey, Robert: Investigations at Assos: expedition of the Archaeological Institute of America ; drawings and photographs of the buildings and objects discovered during the excavations of 1881, 1882, 1883 (Part I - V)</span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-48693968213935878392019-02-06T09:33:00.000-08:002019-02-06T09:33:17.484-08:00Çokgöz Bridge<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">A 15 span bridge was on the Erkilet-Boğazlıyan road north of
Kayseri. It was flooded by the water retained in Yamula Dam in 2004. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">From the inscription referred to by Tunç, the bridge is from the Seljuk period.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6ftfkxaKmdBNpVN0Z2PA4Q_fJs2nIHXzvdrRZ077wQ0Qo-VqocqozrTAUUmB-7Kg1EDZIErGmAJ_MIxjuxKs4ETSDMsdVVXLQ5VJAyegPXPjVVCu7Key8tOvHboaWTBnKrx9yi93v4rlQ/s1600/15-tara0004.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="963" data-original-width="1600" height="384" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6ftfkxaKmdBNpVN0Z2PA4Q_fJs2nIHXzvdrRZ077wQ0Qo-VqocqozrTAUUmB-7Kg1EDZIErGmAJ_MIxjuxKs4ETSDMsdVVXLQ5VJAyegPXPjVVCu7Key8tOvHboaWTBnKrx9yi93v4rlQ/s640/15-tara0004.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Engraving by Charles Texier around 1802-1871</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Many orientalist travelers reported the bridge as of Roman origin
without any documentary evidence. There is no exact account since the inscription is not published
anywhere.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The bridge is 150m in total length and the width is 5.70m
wide clear in between 0.30m wide parapets.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="814" data-original-width="1600" height="202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3WAwFmPORLOlildAXtvHm8Gc_sclfQDAjeeOuThJOBC6Pe9Bv9gp9ol8n3BQGRcsQyp0Y0v3FUR2502RXgzK2Q7lhVrHBknNmQpJuozmkyB4YgQjfMLOHtg9coexHD9ggIe-SxF87xrrK/s400/Kayseri+Tas+Kopruleri-cizim_Page_16.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Drawings from Architect Omer Barut </span></td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3WAwFmPORLOlildAXtvHm8Gc_sclfQDAjeeOuThJOBC6Pe9Bv9gp9ol8n3BQGRcsQyp0Y0v3FUR2502RXgzK2Q7lhVrHBknNmQpJuozmkyB4YgQjfMLOHtg9coexHD9ggIe-SxF87xrrK/s1600/Kayseri+Tas+Kopruleri-cizim_Page_16.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The largest span opening was 12m with a height of 8m. The
bridge ascends from one side and follows a straight line in the 1st and 2nd spans with large openings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The bridge arches are in circular form. Bridge deck is enlarged
at entrances.</span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTPNwAEyYwKPQ1hj5IycKDeWO6euy4wtv32uZzAkLUZnhyOHk1_ULQtUb2IXs-VHKwp9S4uMSXLJFBJBP0wdID4N4NMuZ-rjQ3Q1RlfbOVWWlA7XSvCi_1oHUNTloAogZoYKkrByBGdT6-/s1600/burhanettin_akbas_cokgoz_koprusu.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="630" data-original-width="1024" height="245" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTPNwAEyYwKPQ1hj5IycKDeWO6euy4wtv32uZzAkLUZnhyOHk1_ULQtUb2IXs-VHKwp9S4uMSXLJFBJBP0wdID4N4NMuZ-rjQ3Q1RlfbOVWWlA7XSvCi_1oHUNTloAogZoYKkrByBGdT6-/s400/burhanettin_akbas_cokgoz_koprusu.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge Photo - From Internet</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Cutwaters are triangular on the upstream side and no cutwaters are present downstream. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge is made of cut stone in red color. Tunç also records tuff stone from Saraycık region was used.</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi78JvwYJ1CjDxCCMfnu_9j2ABXrnIlyQFsFvaoxeg6oDzEPUVlPkhEOWiAKfiN1qCxlGFNcp83QXloGC_YRyU8XE-cOqNM8ID3QU1IRHwEsAI_mlpCqFF-4CamfSndqYasBAw5rBwdjWSc/s1600/15-COKG%25C3%2596Z+KORPUSU-TUNC.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="221" data-original-width="321" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi78JvwYJ1CjDxCCMfnu_9j2ABXrnIlyQFsFvaoxeg6oDzEPUVlPkhEOWiAKfiN1qCxlGFNcp83QXloGC_YRyU8XE-cOqNM8ID3QU1IRHwEsAI_mlpCqFF-4CamfSndqYasBAw5rBwdjWSc/s400/15-COKG%25C3%2596Z+KORPUSU-TUNC.png" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge View from a distance - From:Gülgün Tunç</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Parapet is made with two stones on top of each other. </span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDBSvfQvNEZ41CO0Z2_uR3h1m5007Pl3ARB90wk1NkKaZTVCWlUvIOUtuzDYIp7eELQ10QXu6n0VGLnGwo6lXH0V5qedp0_nof_2XHJ0ky9RI29GuhEgUaMzD1zRRCQxWRkpjNrD1GBCrh/s1600/cokgozkoprusu4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="668" data-original-width="1024" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDBSvfQvNEZ41CO0Z2_uR3h1m5007Pl3ARB90wk1NkKaZTVCWlUvIOUtuzDYIp7eELQ10QXu6n0VGLnGwo6lXH0V5qedp0_nof_2XHJ0ky9RI29GuhEgUaMzD1zRRCQxWRkpjNrD1GBCrh/s400/cokgozkoprusu4.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge- From: Internet</span></td></tr>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge spans are set in a odd way, the last 4 spans seem different in their geometry than the remaining bridge span. These 4 spans seem to be a later extension or it might also be a remaining portion from previous bridge.</span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVGW44jCn7fWVtHX1af2dP4xjCzNmbrHO9_VDyHQsmFRDZfiihIc-yQnpvRw7D11fWx1niJtw4igNzF6W0TNFdv3_ohrDpWq136ZBrIWJF_Hn62G4NwEiIH2r7m7_6kA8Rqbu2BO5GqzZ-/s1600/1540001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="948" height="336" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVGW44jCn7fWVtHX1af2dP4xjCzNmbrHO9_VDyHQsmFRDZfiihIc-yQnpvRw7D11fWx1niJtw4igNzF6W0TNFdv3_ohrDpWq136ZBrIWJF_Hn62G4NwEiIH2r7m7_6kA8Rqbu2BO5GqzZ-/s640/1540001.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge- From: Internet</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Location: </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Sunken in Yamula dam Lake, 38.91217, 35.27757</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #475055; font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif; font-size: x-small; text-align: center;">References: </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #475055; font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif; font-size: x-small; text-align: center;">Fotoğraf: </span><a href="http://www.panoramio.com/user/2597053?with_photo_id=19069579" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; color: #475055; font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: all 0.2s linear 0s, all 0.2s linear 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Hasan Elmaağaç</a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">http://www.kayserito.org.tr/yayinlarimiz/SalnamelerdeKayseri/SalnamelerdeKayseri.pdf</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">http://neredenegezilir.blogspot.qa/2015/01/cokgoz-koprusu.html</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">http://www.tarihiyapilar.org/cokgoz-koprusu/</span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-2294097248582368762019-02-04T05:00:00.004-08:002019-02-06T09:36:26.396-08:00Kesikköprü Bridge -Kırşehir<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Kesikköprü is in Kırşehir on the south–east of Hirfanlı Dam Lake.
It is crossing over Kızılırmak river before its entry to Dam Lake. Bridge is dated by
the Caravanserai next to the bridge built in 1268.</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYaY7Oyn2oioYt9mq7wBRM7jWRT3xZ2D-QO0TTrQvQFDQjAXz8X22ojVxdjwjs0X_ZuAMcd96oBshBUPsYaf-RckG91unYpAmyr_e7NvI90ioiiX8ATCBMKzAY3NgDMD3X5AiLauOaGCrK/s1600/6+-+Copy.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="579" data-original-width="1600" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYaY7Oyn2oioYt9mq7wBRM7jWRT3xZ2D-QO0TTrQvQFDQjAXz8X22ojVxdjwjs0X_ZuAMcd96oBshBUPsYaf-RckG91unYpAmyr_e7NvI90ioiiX8ATCBMKzAY3NgDMD3X5AiLauOaGCrK/s640/6+-+Copy.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge has 13 spans
with a total length of 210m.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span></span><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span>
</span>
</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaGDtUy1Y4I84KAqrA-n0Dehyphenhyphenah1wEI1_Fu8A4jklMg_ZIjfa0_Wp4EB9SeGLMSX4tu4e17KX1jvnS5ADhrykyclcDM-m66uQPFeNEr5LzYCkW3bin4ShNNGui8v2gh_lL1AgXWID8n8zI/s1600/3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaGDtUy1Y4I84KAqrA-n0Dehyphenhyphenah1wEI1_Fu8A4jklMg_ZIjfa0_Wp4EB9SeGLMSX4tu4e17KX1jvnS5ADhrykyclcDM-m66uQPFeNEr5LzYCkW3bin4ShNNGui8v2gh_lL1AgXWID8n8zI/s400/3.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The bridge width varies between 4.12m and 6.0m. Bridge has a slope
of 5.2% from the western side, 7.5% from the eastern side then the middle
portion is flat.</span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> There is a cornice line
protruding on the bridge.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="689" data-original-width="1600" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDR2C0O7aB9oNDvDrECrLl3w3RCc2foRwHASYmzyTOUREJdQ4VSlTlXzldPyoF-SEWd4VP4bus4f74mIXtjulM1B85UdSqT-jqYytK6ecQKo6nchFPy7NpaDRjoKIb08l5YRAwqgoZKRBH/s640/KESIKKOPRU+-+Copy.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge Drawing from KGM archives</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDR2C0O7aB9oNDvDrECrLl3w3RCc2foRwHASYmzyTOUREJdQ4VSlTlXzldPyoF-SEWd4VP4bus4f74mIXtjulM1B85UdSqT-jqYytK6ecQKo6nchFPy7NpaDRjoKIb08l5YRAwqgoZKRBH/s1600/KESIKKOPRU+-+Copy.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span></a></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwv_KXsv49IkfU7vmFvZiSiPs9kCrE0QJ_XcPwLZt3TJEPQ-dSUbThyphenhyphen0wMcXZVhm0__SFrjfCYMYAwhY2VJmr54RWflKJ_sF1vGoL1u31K5p0uN5R6d-GwNnN_rC7Te4WX2ZgMc1uXY0PJ/s1600/5.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwv_KXsv49IkfU7vmFvZiSiPs9kCrE0QJ_XcPwLZt3TJEPQ-dSUbThyphenhyphen0wMcXZVhm0__SFrjfCYMYAwhY2VJmr54RWflKJ_sF1vGoL1u31K5p0uN5R6d-GwNnN_rC7Te4WX2ZgMc1uXY0PJ/s400/5.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">On plan it has a rather irregular alignment. There are enlargements
at entrances.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge arches are pointed. Arch rings have a recess from spandrel
wall. A second ring is present for spans between 1-12.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="959" data-original-width="1600" height="377" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH_zy0qYVBQfaQmNXwKgOhEL7w412M7T1_5DIDnysbknBsibMqXrLdlAfcVw_diGHBfzByGQqMZMJIjfSFHCtjNzVx0C2YAm-TRhM99opk5bCco-gxdH6aRX4tLM1Nc62a89M2A-yvmO1P/s640/06-KIR%25C5%259EEH%25C4%25B0R-KES%25C4%25B0KK%25C3%2596PR%25C3%259C-ORJINAL+KITABE+YER%25C4%25B0.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge Photo from Çulpan</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH_zy0qYVBQfaQmNXwKgOhEL7w412M7T1_5DIDnysbknBsibMqXrLdlAfcVw_diGHBfzByGQqMZMJIjfSFHCtjNzVx0C2YAm-TRhM99opk5bCco-gxdH6aRX4tLM1Nc62a89M2A-yvmO1P/s1600/06-KIR%25C5%259EEH%25C4%25B0R-KES%25C4%25B0KK%25C3%2596PR%25C3%259C-ORJINAL+KITABE+YER%25C4%25B0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The bridge cutwaters are triangular on the upstream side and they finishes
at low levels. Rectangular cutwaters on downstream side finish at varying
heights.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilPvAkH_zo8S4y8On0PCTKX6zmXzuY08FleMZsPaiHhBg9gx40Nn6-qv-4cwJ3JMuiREOPD2DKFJvLyVa0vzSL8DrrTwoMlv9fVGke5QU-EMDf9w0TJwwKBZgrFVfSuN9t4-UfyJjC8hQN/s1600/10.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilPvAkH_zo8S4y8On0PCTKX6zmXzuY08FleMZsPaiHhBg9gx40Nn6-qv-4cwJ3JMuiREOPD2DKFJvLyVa0vzSL8DrrTwoMlv9fVGke5QU-EMDf9w0TJwwKBZgrFVfSuN9t4-UfyJjC8hQN/s400/10.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">They act more for retaining the bridge rather than the cutwaters.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The basic dimensions such as the spans, width of the bridge, and the
height of the cutwaters are quite different than each other’s. This shows a inexperienced construction method or a construction is made roughly.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Original Inscription:</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">In 1953, the inscription fell in the river. It was taken to
the shore and then later put in place during road repair in 1967-1968. The inscription
was placed on caravanserai side on a stone pedestal prepared for this purpose.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcpNmAYRPo2jaV_HcDdG1a4KsTZb1vT1_pCvt3TsSMxifo9NTckxfuJw0x3M-A1mqNrKz8mpM2HCyKk03h8o9oY4tyZeJnxhRH7eaJfSNkr2cihYfLBjqZPOSaKaT2wAVCgmRLIR6rBVDm/s1600/1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcpNmAYRPo2jaV_HcDdG1a4KsTZb1vT1_pCvt3TsSMxifo9NTckxfuJw0x3M-A1mqNrKz8mpM2HCyKk03h8o9oY4tyZeJnxhRH7eaJfSNkr2cihYfLBjqZPOSaKaT2wAVCgmRLIR6rBVDm/s640/1.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Inscription of the Bridge by KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5105567794545678492" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The inscription is carved in marble with thuluth font type with
high relief technique. There are 3 lines. It is placed on upstream side.
Original place of the inscription was on Caravansary side in
between the parapets before the spans.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The inscription
gives the information that the bridge was ordered by İzzeddin, son of Keyhüsrev
in year 1251.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEMCyFk7PPIUGqLyrITxtOnrNBJhRyTu_J7EYkGI7nCnmS26Ra42BnnhhAnzD8G16u5LsXpWAKXIvoftS_ALCTHue_bmsbKmb_CoFqt2b-9kW7d51c7rV8-vz5tAa6PMQG3VJXxtvNjaGn/s1600/4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEMCyFk7PPIUGqLyrITxtOnrNBJhRyTu_J7EYkGI7nCnmS26Ra42BnnhhAnzD8G16u5LsXpWAKXIvoftS_ALCTHue_bmsbKmb_CoFqt2b-9kW7d51c7rV8-vz5tAa6PMQG3VJXxtvNjaGn/s400/4.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Inscription of the Bridge by KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Repair Inscription:</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">South-side of the bridge had a prayer
and repair inscription was placed there when repair was done. During my visit
-2005- this prayer was not in place only the top portion, i.e. the inscription
was available.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmv-HipdFbZe8G0kbyY_UQSqiJmqx7J2g0HTdhBf1M5GB7avKk1tnkRRCxZqlzxFAgrn9SomfPDV0_CL6m7OQSsm7eVM4MffkcPWrf0HjSpOEawlzyj3GjzZ4WGxZvMkvPZknS7YcU1vuQ/s1600/2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmv-HipdFbZe8G0kbyY_UQSqiJmqx7J2g0HTdhBf1M5GB7avKk1tnkRRCxZqlzxFAgrn9SomfPDV0_CL6m7OQSsm7eVM4MffkcPWrf0HjSpOEawlzyj3GjzZ4WGxZvMkvPZknS7YcU1vuQ/s400/2.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Repair Inscription - By KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">It belongs to year 1614 and was placed on top of the prayer unit.
It has 4 lines written as 2 separate lines and 2 rows. In the center there is a sun motif
with 12 lines.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Location: </span></span><span style="text-align: left;">38.9603, 34.19915</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">References:</span></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-35363026313733782572019-02-04T04:51:00.001-08:002019-02-04T04:51:28.156-08:00Hitite Bridge<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The oldest bridge of Anatolia not surprisingly comes from its oldest settlement,<a href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/377"> Hattusa, Capital of the Hittites</a>. The city was defended by fortification walls. These fortifications had outer and inner walls with a footway in between them.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span><br /></span>
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHEvO7Hh_oT_Lh1pvdHYUrv46KBQVzBLR6VmJf4SpPK-j5ibNZLjM_fvMGJNU3kryI7HYHdyFGXhsE9KRGpX_4cbh_29Qio65lTpzMll6g-ZX4tSEkxprUvZxGnepkDGexo05STOBvIOsg/s1600/New+Picture+%25282%2529.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="328" data-original-width="513" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHEvO7Hh_oT_Lh1pvdHYUrv46KBQVzBLR6VmJf4SpPK-j5ibNZLjM_fvMGJNU3kryI7HYHdyFGXhsE9KRGpX_4cbh_29Qio65lTpzMll6g-ZX4tSEkxprUvZxGnepkDGexo05STOBvIOsg/s400/New+Picture+%25282%2529.png" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Sketch of Bridges by Nauman</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The Bridge is dated to around 1300 BC, the era of the city of the Hittite Empire. In present day, it is located just outside of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C4%9Fazkale">Bogazkale</a>, town of Çorum in north central Turkey.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span></span>
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">
</span></span>
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">When the </span></span>Hittites wanted to extend their city onto Büyükkaya (Largerock) , they needed a bridge between two rocks crossing over the ravine. They naturally enough choose the narrowest crossing between Ambalıkaya and Büyükkale, where the palace was located. Some traditions in bridge engineering do not change.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">
</span></span>
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Indeed there were two bridges; one to carry the fortification and the other one for the daily passage of pedestrians. Descriptions of this crossing are not very clear, as many are translations and their true meaning is lost. Therefore two bridges is my understanding from Bitter's sketches.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">In the location today, there exist the beddings for stone abutments and holes for dowels with 20cm diameter and 30cm long. Even though I visited Hattusa many times in the past, this was unfortunately before my interest in bridges and did not check these place.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The beddings where stones placed served as a support and stone cantilevers extended on each layer as corbelled arch. When the distance narrowed enough it was crossed with wooden logs carrying the fortification walls. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-MrcmIqqlg45w8J7gLb6VOYcg1BHWsfZI8wJxSFP6iTi6JfDpMZMeiVocdHaWUciWb_ODW954qArs1cX20DIOt__0GYPjpNrNgrt7F8wkFBZCaywcdwOr-sbAxz5HpXtFgLdwzQaHtDWn/s1600/200-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="974" data-original-width="710" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-MrcmIqqlg45w8J7gLb6VOYcg1BHWsfZI8wJxSFP6iTi6JfDpMZMeiVocdHaWUciWb_ODW954qArs1cX20DIOt__0GYPjpNrNgrt7F8wkFBZCaywcdwOr-sbAxz5HpXtFgLdwzQaHtDWn/s320/200-1.png" width="233" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Map of Hattusha, Hittite's Capitol</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">There is also dowels which are assumed to have carried the wooden bridge for the pedestrian traffic. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Nauman also mentions that a water pipe might have been carried by this bridge.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">"Hittite fortifications are made with a stones used as a base and these stone blocks are flattened on their top and wooden framework with mud bricks and rubble stone formed the superstructure. These walls were 7 -8 m wide with 1.5m-2m inner and outer wall for each and in between filled with pebbles."</span></blockquote>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">The bridge, said to be 1.7m wide, might have only carried one wall system and the height of the wall would probably be shorter than usual fortification walls for a wooden bridge to carry such a load.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhibCqlsPeGfWhIb05I7kS1kemu7lRHwXDRwQhUgz_rMol1h94ANMFKwgqq9ZR6dotmN_0kUTy1vguffBU5aRFAqn8KbEIp436h_Vz9gu5_XoU-202Zna7Yw8-2mZ0m41mJoP_utEYQHaww/s1600/1846032075.Osprey+-+Fortress.+e+Fortifications+c.1650-700+BC+13.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="950" data-original-width="1337" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhibCqlsPeGfWhIb05I7kS1kemu7lRHwXDRwQhUgz_rMol1h94ANMFKwgqq9ZR6dotmN_0kUTy1vguffBU5aRFAqn8KbEIp436h_Vz9gu5_XoU-202Zna7Yw8-2mZ0m41mJoP_utEYQHaww/s320/1846032075.Osprey+-+Fortress.+e+Fortifications+c.1650-700+BC+13.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Typical Hittite Firtifications</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Bittel">Bittel's description:</a></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">" a group of
large steps hewn into the rock served as bedding for the wall which led into the
gorge around the southern flank of Ambarlıkaya. It reaches the steep «Minaret
Rock» (Minare) by way of a narrow crest. This was certainly a daring design. It
was, however, impossible to make the wall thick enough to carry «<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemin_de_ronde">chemin de ronde</a>-walkway” of normal width. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Therefore the wall and walkway were separated
from each other. </span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRMT6sda7Is4vnYzkyFGflRpbbelanFjZ2zmLLd3jHEBrWfvN3FIqtcV7ytfU9RifqY9x3dUTtvE44mGiyEyXv2474GwGueGsScXvNK7qi2047501CNyPdg-VvU2CwVEThizLa66ldYDCa/s1600/New+Picture+%25283%2529.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="372" data-original-width="274" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRMT6sda7Is4vnYzkyFGflRpbbelanFjZ2zmLLd3jHEBrWfvN3FIqtcV7ytfU9RifqY9x3dUTtvE44mGiyEyXv2474GwGueGsScXvNK7qi2047501CNyPdg-VvU2CwVEThizLa66ldYDCa/s320/New+Picture+%25283%2529.png" width="235" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Hittite Bridges by Nauman</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Bittel's description continues: " A wooden gallery was constructed which led around the north
and east side of Ambarlıkaya and met the wall at Minaret Rock. This gallery
took the place of a regular protected footway for the
guards. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Preserved are 7 holes (20 centimeters wide and 30 centimeters deep),
hewn into the side of Ambarlıkaya, which carried the horizontal beams for the
gallery. They make reconstruction of the footway possible. The gallery meets
the wall at a small buttress on the west side of the canyon. A bridge connected
this buttress with its counterpart on the other side, and from there the wall
leads up to Büyükkaya. The beddings for the foundation stones of the bridge c</span>an<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">
still be seen. "</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bittel uses the term "gallery" to describe the footpath bridge. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">"Below the bridge 3 pairs of perpendicular grooves are hewn into
the canyon wall. They were used to guide a dropgate and grids to block the
passage in times of danger. They would let water through but not man. We cannot
but marvel at the high level of architectural design of the fortifications"</span></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Location: 40.02003,34.61974</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">References:</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">https://ospreypublishing.com/hittite-fortifications-c-1650-700-bc</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">https://www.arkeolojisanat.com/shop/urun/eski-anadolu-mimarligi_11_1595.html</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-35314946853840512312018-12-16T08:42:00.001-08:002018-12-16T08:42:05.341-08:00Kesikköprü Bridge -Sivas<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">This bridge actually consists of two sections joined with a land separation between them. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">First bridge is 17 spans and second one is 2 spans. </span></span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCkaOYKygzliHClPclDWRKNp34H0i8ZPZHEZlXYKYPVCEBrXpoZPkp9JDLd_V2IDtqmfJRIevahWdTqNwWhXtUla6DBTQZYhIalIlx8QEc8SWuW2gHXB5-MXSAo3ZHxLuyIifsJ_KCrRfp/s1600/New+Bitmap+Image.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="750" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCkaOYKygzliHClPclDWRKNp34H0i8ZPZHEZlXYKYPVCEBrXpoZPkp9JDLd_V2IDtqmfJRIevahWdTqNwWhXtUla6DBTQZYhIalIlx8QEc8SWuW2gHXB5-MXSAo3ZHxLuyIifsJ_KCrRfp/s400/New+Bitmap+Image.bmp" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Plan view of the bridge By KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">It is a Selcuq bridge crossing over Halys (</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Kızılırmak</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> ) in the center of the town of </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Sivas.</span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzPX3G_5sIwqNBzlRBesX261WSQ7IyjDsjf-VHPjEM552hH7Tyx6Yecut3EG5kLv_hW8U0F_ABDU2IwEGr8DwfULlLZmMBGBKZcCkBzwd6Yku5wDWL8-sPDkvHW0kYtAjYfAFBAim6jFiM/s1600/1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzPX3G_5sIwqNBzlRBesX261WSQ7IyjDsjf-VHPjEM552hH7Tyx6Yecut3EG5kLv_hW8U0F_ABDU2IwEGr8DwfULlLZmMBGBKZcCkBzwd6Yku5wDWL8-sPDkvHW0kYtAjYfAFBAim6jFiM/s640/1.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Total length of the bridge is 326m with longest span being 8m. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The width is about 6m including parapets. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">There is a cornice line protruding along the bridge at the deck level. Bridge arches are pointed with a single arch ring. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Cutwaters are only on upstream side with triangular shape. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The drainage details are noticeable.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvo9HiJ2lKcN1ujw7i_sunU-fytiaIBR3dxlM80geca3MTw2u6dnpQzAAtydAtYASKKMaH4-ctWvq0d6HLfa2QoPWALs7kROoTuaccxtANBlptrpT0YOpufieAzCJlTYvYfKTRmtiMCDaj/s1600/4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1184" data-original-width="1584" height="148" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvo9HiJ2lKcN1ujw7i_sunU-fytiaIBR3dxlM80geca3MTw2u6dnpQzAAtydAtYASKKMaH4-ctWvq0d6HLfa2QoPWALs7kROoTuaccxtANBlptrpT0YOpufieAzCJlTYvYfKTRmtiMCDaj/s200/4.JPG" width="200" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQnmPW2mZONoPWvcs4oWQVcCZkiAwWuPAMqv-8y_K0V7rOx3UZHAcCFCYRvnvmPDaXmu6EfHCq1ChLYv0h8qAWaOvsupbBIYE7Ydqa2iaFLh2MiNgvIbzOiCzaqRR7Hw8PugevMHz2uj-r/s1600/3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQnmPW2mZONoPWvcs4oWQVcCZkiAwWuPAMqv-8y_K0V7rOx3UZHAcCFCYRvnvmPDaXmu6EfHCq1ChLYv0h8qAWaOvsupbBIYE7Ydqa2iaFLh2MiNgvIbzOiCzaqRR7Hw8PugevMHz2uj-r/s200/3.JPG" width="200" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">There is a repair inscription dated 1875. It </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">is next to the first span of the long section on upstream side. </span></span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioZmey5m7ACIdkkHCHkqSXtBd7XkvjonjIhfNj-arHKiJ8SUXq3Mney8UO6MMF_MyXWNEm60b9FNE7pIF8jgQLsQyINdz731SmbdQ1wz8QTEuB6NErJXQr7SU9_ZjTGdt8O-dDqt09hn4u/s1600/6.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioZmey5m7ACIdkkHCHkqSXtBd7XkvjonjIhfNj-arHKiJ8SUXq3Mney8UO6MMF_MyXWNEm60b9FNE7pIF8jgQLsQyINdz731SmbdQ1wz8QTEuB6NErJXQr7SU9_ZjTGdt8O-dDqt09hn4u/s640/6.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">It is carved on marble with high relief technique in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%CA%BFl%C4%ABq_script">taliq</a> style. It consists of 7 rows and 2 columns.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">From the inscription, we learn: "</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The old bridge has been repaired by </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Abdülaziz Han in 1875. Bridge builder was Georgian Makar from Sivas."</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Culpan reports a broken bollard at the entrance of the bridge. I haven't seen this bolard during my visit.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEle5GbeB8J-sgRlIuFXUnoX5sQK9etYdL3y4OQdXBUSdh6RSd5yL3kJ4sEHNlrj7zeszfCzK7yzwXnYWFbs5rQHv2zPTH6FIiq9Lw5b54FPhghYusuy84hwEyfMptD4JkR48Q66x4uzPl/s1600/Sivas+Kesikkopru.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><img border="0" data-original-height="431" data-original-width="713" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEle5GbeB8J-sgRlIuFXUnoX5sQK9etYdL3y4OQdXBUSdh6RSd5yL3kJ4sEHNlrj7zeszfCzK7yzwXnYWFbs5rQHv2zPTH6FIiq9Lw5b54FPhghYusuy84hwEyfMptD4JkR48Q66x4uzPl/s400/Sivas+Kesikkopru.bmp" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Foundation detail from Paper , A. Turer, C. Erdem and H.Sert (posted below )</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Location: 39.72217, 36.96272</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="TR" style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">References:</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="TR" style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/300272606_Structural_evaluation_and_sustainability_assessment_of_Sivas_Kesikkopru_Bridge_against_flood_and_earthquakes</span></span></span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-26022866271648290872018-12-16T08:11:00.002-08:002018-12-16T08:11:09.624-08:00Tozanlı Bridge<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="text-align: left;">A Seljuq bridge with huge cutwaters and </span>dated 1250 by its inscription. It is on the old road from Tokat- Amasya. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="898" data-original-width="1246" height="459" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioIaHe4Opb5zFuV2a2yL3ws_wcIice_-xtmDlZjW15OkYZCFtmIS4CJWnTUXUbwMonMKsWEVrOk-pVN7nt23CYYE97b4busxnnM0olzp6iXHdXOcjTo4XTkgbo22C468ii9Ks7Kb_Qzxt7/s640/05-HIDIRLIK.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge from Ilter 1973</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Bridge is crossing over the Iris ( Yeşilırmak) river with 5 spans and a total length of 132m. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGa0n6Qj_hFoWBOVMifiylFKWVQmw5dFFOOaT1-EJG8rF_zCnJdK5lpYCTiEHM4TPYklVRK3BKtu8naByKK6VBFt_laLOtiCpn1mpgygc3VMNr9nl3AdRhIA4G_EiszSjcR2b00tumBHgi/s640/3.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The inscription of the bridge is important dating it to the era of the sultanate of three brothers, sons of Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrevin; Izzeddin Keykavus II, Rükneddin Kılıç Arslan IV. and Alaaddin Keykubad II.</span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="868" data-original-width="1600" height="344" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk91Aqmv3emO3rRfDOlhEXTeVf6sNf9DRnRrTE1w6EKhZJhv8U9bi47DpdjoYKWdLxS8mKsawVtI2sNUz_pvna3XsrMURBLPobZ_iJiBuqblLP9DOXFdc_A-76pEymiX7ZI41cQFxP_0DX/s640/5.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge from Ilter 1973</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">It is wide with 6.4m clear width and 7.3m including parapets. The Longest span is 10m. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "avantgarde bk bt" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: "avantgarde bk bt" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span></span></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1135" data-original-width="1600" height="452" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_VeKXyheUMIrSU5Ex7_kvwqAQFsImy_fCKPrip1GPX5mrC645HyBt7J7WO9aoe7M0lmF0wU2VRR-nP_TXxAL_bBChJdzRp9AFZHrCJ6IeSsinZWr7uG7vsfLmeZPKLkoxd62k1DcchUYy/s640/96.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge from Ilter 1973</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "avantgarde bk bt" , sans-serif;">The </span>arches are pointed. The stones of the arches are recessed. All arches have a second ring line which are not recessed.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXSUFPGRAGAMjKRgZu_Vj1Sluc5GLJOwqI5IHS1-aqpj0UEo8dTjjnGDgXBJkCkX1Oq_fKdl0WUYA28Vq2-7T39vu1PJMrJGbRGRKTaspHFCtG2MtIxToUIpmxUf3hsSs0nv2pWClMVICV/s320/4.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The pattern detail of the voussoirs is worth mentioning. The main arch voussoirs are vertical with full and double stones in repeating order and second arch ring constitutes stones laid horizontally.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1584" data-original-width="1184" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIaqSZ1wRRXdSxm5bjC55AJ0eomYwQA_YYK0-O-FuVpunbA-koRXdLiEVgx59PLjehudCN2nMdZ6xjUtej1jNbsxKLeGHsGYM7skWDZ0zcXtnvSoUuiwfz_A9BGRE3BV-0ij_xxL7j9QhS/s320/7.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="239" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "avantgarde bk bt" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The cutwaters of the piers are quite large, triangular on the upstream and a circular form on the discharge side. Cutwater levels are low and flat.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "avantgarde bk bt" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: "avantgarde bk bt" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "avantgarde bk bt" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Inscription:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span><br /><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "avantgarde bk bt" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Bridge inscription is in the middle on the downstream side. It has 5 lines carved in thuluth style on a marble. It is framed. </span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOx-zFJDjmePdyHrBCx0DeCnQpGPbaGzUqvGStRvgI9kXBgi9mfYYTfj-Wsjn4cGcHfqVqLNUQG6wktW6U6ENd-jf2THEDIV5ySat8WbCLXs0Izpk2uVjI90nvb8mnrP_3jmKN_D5m-5yb/s320/10.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span><br /><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; text-align: left;">Text can be translated and shortened as : </span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSEss1AS185kXZEvbrZNgM_c-vU1JVXmZd05EfZFuku55FIcJQfriU4GvpCmm7k4rCIrTtQ9F2lLpScuumPlsNZzmAtCDLuZmbWeXEXREfqAcf9JrPyBGsJKEFAbLoDyOZOX19G8cHyEWL/s320/8.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2005</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="text-align: left;"></span><br /><span style="text-align: left;"></span>
<span style="text-align: left;">"The construction of this sacred bridge was completed during the reign of Sultan Alaeddin Keykubad's grandchildren and the sons of Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev's: Izzeddin, Rukneddin and Alaaddin...Construction has been succeeded by </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif;">Emir Seyfüddevle Pervane Hamid during 9 May 1250. ...</span><span style="text-align: left;"> The architect and prosecutor of the building is Bahaeddin Mehmed, the son of El-Ferec, known by the nickname of Hekimoğlu ....."</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "avantgarde bk bt" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: "avantgarde bk bt" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "avantgarde bk bt" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Another inscription is on the wing wall on Tokat side. This inscription belongs to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/18089867/_Ar%C5%9Fiv_Belgeleri_I%C5%9F%C4%B1g%C4%B1nda_%C5%9Eeyh_Meknun_Bektut_A%C3%A7%C4%B1kba%C5%9F_Zaviyesi_ve_T%C3%BCrbesi_-Tarihi_Bir_Hatanin_Tashihi-_Tokat_Tarihi_ve_K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr%C3%BC_Sempozyumu_25-26_Eyl%C3%BCl_2014_Bildiriler_Tokat_2015_s._485-499">Şeyh Meknun's grave.</a></span></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1084" data-original-width="1380" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNyfEy1Mci9AZ4y3NDiK01b7G7FEzhBplflWh_ARMe-mWNRtCUwl5CiEcTHRZ31gIO9uw1nP_1Nt7_VpxNDQ8pK5Dio1CrSk9YNy8ql_vacrC9wXwM77Osxx3XlUqJjNsbTNJvmOPM5oVz/s320/97.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge from Ilter 1973</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: justify;">Location:</span></span>40.33043, 36.55586<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">References:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">https://www.academia.edu/18089867/_Ar%C5%9Fiv_Belgeleri_I%C5%9F%C4%B1g%C4%B1nda_%C5%9Eeyh_Meknun_Bektut_A%C3%A7%C4%B1kba%C5%9F_Zaviyesi_ve_T%C3%BCrbesi_-Tarihi_Bir_Hatanin_Tashihi-_Tokat_Tarihi_ve_K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr%C3%BC_Sempozyumu_25-26_Eyl%C3%BCl_2014_Bildiriler_Tokat_2015_s._485-499</span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-6274927719124522902018-12-01T07:59:00.001-08:002018-12-01T07:59:48.222-08:00Opera Bridge <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">Sydney is not the only place on earth where an Opera House comes with a bridge. Ankara Opera House also hosts a bridge, one designed by Luigi Nervi!</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Howover, the Ankara Opera bridge does not fit within the same photo frame with the Ankara Opera House. Both the bridge and the house do </span><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;">however</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> share the same historical mark of belonging to the Republican era of Anatolia. Therefore, they have become precious contributions to the identity of the city and the nation.</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgND5sx_CsyToLZ9u3WQ9f7CTDAYFaETOtSKx3GCT2ahOFKlQAl1tA7nLQzxTeIz4qPSsliRd-8dNMdabO1ogg9ciQ8GQFh4arahskdYoOdD4YKeWjQhpvnY_j_eTat91PjFM2Qsgk-g3Ot/s1600/DSC_1022.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgND5sx_CsyToLZ9u3WQ9f7CTDAYFaETOtSKx3GCT2ahOFKlQAl1tA7nLQzxTeIz4qPSsliRd-8dNMdabO1ogg9ciQ8GQFh4arahskdYoOdD4YKeWjQhpvnY_j_eTat91PjFM2Qsgk-g3Ot/s640/DSC_1022.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Bridge View - Photo: KantarAtlas-2017</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">The Opera House was designed as an exhibition hall by Sevki Balmumcu in 1933 and later transformed into an Opera House by Paul Bonatz.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">The Bridge might be regarded as a city sculpture rather than a bridge with its unique design and the distinction of being a “Nervi” structure. Luigi Nervi was an outstanding engineer who created amazing and unique structural designs for aircraft hangers, stadiums and fortunately some bridges.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi61idYpCW7dNMAB7tTbZCTDf_-KKq80Lpg0tVVRF6LV1M8y7qXSRmedllsDyncZCWcvJXPeQ2OaNC8QO2npMQMhpxMtRskBjVQTdInuWYuavvBk01bOV9Jq7QJzkRTrlIFYDTYs-UyReE7/s1600/DSC_1035.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi61idYpCW7dNMAB7tTbZCTDf_-KKq80Lpg0tVVRF6LV1M8y7qXSRmedllsDyncZCWcvJXPeQ2OaNC8QO2npMQMhpxMtRskBjVQTdInuWYuavvBk01bOV9Jq7QJzkRTrlIFYDTYs-UyReE7/s640/DSC_1035.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Bridge "skirts" - Photo: KantarAtlas-2017</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">A 4 span bridge with curved superstructure edges which I would call the “skirts” of the bridge, it stands in the center of Ankara. It forms one of the key junctions of Turkey’s Capitol, located over Ataturk Boulevard, the main arterial of the city. The bridge crosses over the Boulevard and its collector roads on either side carrying the main arterial of Talatpasa Street. This location is also very close to the old city center, Ulus, and the first republican center of Ankara.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">After long research on the history of the bridge, I came across some information by Ormecioglu as given below:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">“ …late 1965. In that year, they (City Council) decided to commission the project (Opera Junction) to a renowned foreign designer in order to get a significant urban landmark. Haluk Alatan, the chief expert of Ankara Metropolitan Planning Office, recommended Nervi, whom he had met while working in Luigi Piccinato’s office during his doctoral studies.</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;"> …</span></i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"> </span></o:p></span></i><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">Antonio Nervi, the son of Pier Luigi and chief engineer at the Studio Nervi, visited Turkey in August 1968 and the office was officially commissioned by the end of that year..</span></i></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span></i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The Opera Bridge project was prepared in 1969; after minor changes, construction began in early 1970 and was completed in 1972. The Municipality took special care to realize the project in its original details and created a dedicated budget for it “</span></span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"> </span></o:p></span></i></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">Opera Bridge has a twin called Risorgimento, which was built by Nervi in 1968 in Verona, Italy. These two bridges have identical superstructure in terms of appearance with different spans. In comparison with Risorgimento the pier and ramp columns of Opera Bridge are different in shape and also not clad with stone like Risogremento. In addition Opera Bridge is crossing a road not a river.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1QOl4s_w7mc64PyQrD7099g11K5zXwzkFvEao8cg0_SlSJYWSMXCbbP4Kk-AsqzLYw__PDdTeGA7NyFbwaDwPC9F0iSntoc6x5dd2s45MzECoXgJRneSYmIo5mSXUgtXvooNV5_7SO2DA/s1600/Verona2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="359" data-original-width="1505" height="148" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1QOl4s_w7mc64PyQrD7099g11K5zXwzkFvEao8cg0_SlSJYWSMXCbbP4Kk-AsqzLYw__PDdTeGA7NyFbwaDwPC9F0iSntoc6x5dd2s45MzECoXgJRneSYmIo5mSXUgtXvooNV5_7SO2DA/s640/Verona2.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Risogremento Superstructure Details - From: Internet</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">The bridge superstructure although similar with its twin bridge differs in the number of spans. Mainly for both, the top flange width is constant and the bottom flange width changes along the bridge as in Risorgimento.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">I don’t have any document for Opera Bridge so there are only observations from my visit, but it is most probably following a curve for its superstructure in harmony to its bending moment and also the width of the bottom flange enlarges at the piers creating more area for loads to spread and also creating the fascinating “skirt” effect and wide smooth bridge soffit.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">From the Risorgimento sketches, we can see the web thickness of the box girders also changes together with the thickness of bottom flange. Similar design can be assumed to have been used for Opera Bridge.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpoM2_x6mx6-w3vTkI5QbkmvCaUmITbAah5NJlChl0kYTiB7wyZ9tzs5yEl7bRI5nHdEnR0edgZwh61Z3OYlKjb2AyAA4FnthHYXAmwltWwW-02IMJm963FWYmftwVx-f1VTpFNcbOEAj6/s1600/DSC_0982.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpoM2_x6mx6-w3vTkI5QbkmvCaUmITbAah5NJlChl0kYTiB7wyZ9tzs5yEl7bRI5nHdEnR0edgZwh61Z3OYlKjb2AyAA4FnthHYXAmwltWwW-02IMJm963FWYmftwVx-f1VTpFNcbOEAj6/s640/DSC_0982.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Bridge Piers - Photo: KantarAtlas-2017</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">The Superstructure is multicellular concrete box. The change of the structural depth of the bridge is not recognizable for this bridge whereas in Risorgimento it is very obvious. Main change is again the sidewalls of the superstructure.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">All these variables, mainly the structural depth and the flange thickness, can be justified thorough the structural behavior of the bridge but, still also changing the web thickness, I would say, very impractical. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">Timber formwork marks can be observed on concrete surfaces which does not disturb the eye since the scale of the bridge occupies users for a long time before such details are captured.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMVzGtTwh9UUxRuxkN3MPz6nVIBMQ7yIEU2ta0MCMxLrEbgXrDMHahGHF43zYGxTi_B1SjU7hWBY6ZQo_SIgYNlaCQPq8WL6gxsK4BDKBYnfMsjxMD7IpN85tBnDpwXt2CibjXWhbGcg0i/s1600/DSC_1013.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMVzGtTwh9UUxRuxkN3MPz6nVIBMQ7yIEU2ta0MCMxLrEbgXrDMHahGHF43zYGxTi_B1SjU7hWBY6ZQo_SIgYNlaCQPq8WL6gxsK4BDKBYnfMsjxMD7IpN85tBnDpwXt2CibjXWhbGcg0i/s640/DSC_1013.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Ramp Bridge Column - Photo: KantarAtlas-2017</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">The Piers of this bridge are different than any other Nervi designs. Indeed unique to this bridge. Bridge ramp columns are also different with their star like shapes.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">Bridge occupies a considerable space in the city because of its robust shape and fortunately the vicinity is still open since no bridges or structures are built nearby. Fortunately or by intention, bridge has not been widened, otherwise this would be the end of its aesthetic value.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">Even though some tastes would consider these bridge robust, oversized or bulky. I personally liked its scale and extraordinary character. At the same time, I believe some bridges should “pass the test” only for their particulars and specialties for example Nervi signature.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Junction designed together with the bridge, the stairs on all sides with total number 4 were provided for pedestrians.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-c5oC_ut7MfTnuGTIKdiaTlvBl7w3tc1NTvvcrHfUW-ZY4u5BehaHr6DC_ZMjlyaNJcM5GfFII56j7UDmbDObkoLgGsUUWv8fL8J07-5QktYmn9Hd5gO0u3DWA0bPQ8qzmurS1bZQst_K/s1600/DSC_0988.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-c5oC_ut7MfTnuGTIKdiaTlvBl7w3tc1NTvvcrHfUW-ZY4u5BehaHr6DC_ZMjlyaNJcM5GfFII56j7UDmbDObkoLgGsUUWv8fL8J07-5QktYmn9Hd5gO0u3DWA0bPQ8qzmurS1bZQst_K/s400/DSC_0988.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Bearing Detail - Photo: KantarAtlas-2017</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">As well as the bridge I would consider the bearings original representing the technology of their time very precisely. They are combined roller and rocker bearings used at piers.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10pt;">Current Condition:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">Current condition of the bridge shows some surface defects. There are many spalls and delamination of concrete and most is the result of NO drainage. The water leakage on superstructure and the piers can be seen from stains and also this has also resulted in rusting of the bearings.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">Efflorescence can also be observed in some locations, especially where there have been some utilities hung. Also the spalls on beam soffit edge are a sign of what have occurred during the use of the bridge. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid7zYGPbaKtluY17nLleIWKiwAinbMJlHxyzQAVca7JsBSaEenrqO3mLdWRhI4Hen4TvoKjZOHMzN0yl670ZGNLfqTz2hbeei3XiqLOrwgHuA7UgXPpxICq2Fnm5A1exgEVNx6mWmFOT9S/s1600/DSC_1010.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid7zYGPbaKtluY17nLleIWKiwAinbMJlHxyzQAVca7JsBSaEenrqO3mLdWRhI4Hen4TvoKjZOHMzN0yl670ZGNLfqTz2hbeei3XiqLOrwgHuA7UgXPpxICq2Fnm5A1exgEVNx6mWmFOT9S/s640/DSC_1010.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Ramp Columns- Photo: KantarAtlas-2017</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">The Spalls, delamination, rusting and efflorescence make the bridge a good site visit for engineers.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">The expansion joints of the bridge are also worthwhile mentioning in that they have been all filled in but still working under this condition as seen from the cracks on pavement.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC08rr37is36TmdHbdADTxAO08lO4qzFyZuP2tQG_nf14H8XABZQHhg-FU4UOkJknHGpIhxE59a7Kw1XMUchgDiDy7zTDewo4vdZinPJPl_9_MLkiC9vK9QPGj_V9wBWnT-Csjfadneadw/s1600/DSC_0983.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC08rr37is36TmdHbdADTxAO08lO4qzFyZuP2tQG_nf14H8XABZQHhg-FU4UOkJknHGpIhxE59a7Kw1XMUchgDiDy7zTDewo4vdZinPJPl_9_MLkiC9vK9QPGj_V9wBWnT-Csjfadneadw/s400/DSC_0983.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Soffit Detail - Photo: KantarAtlas-2017</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">After visiting this bridge recently, I recalled that this bridge site was a bazaar while I was student in Ankara. It was called </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">“Opera Bazaar“ underneath the bridge during the 1980’s until 2008. The Bazaar was established by Municipality as they had to dedicate a place for shop owners who were banned access to their shops as a result of conservation and development works in Ulus historical center which is 100m away from the bridge. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">Municipality decided to utilize the ample spaces around the bridge for this purpose and constructed pavilions for the shop owners.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">Indeed this is a good case study to look at in terms of utilizing the spaces underneath and near bridges. Some bridges get very good treatments if there are no traffic under the bridge and create amazing environment for kids and communities.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdoubH6COBa7At1oCnp0XSXQnKRQafUSh2R-U2fkfjpvXWCbm3txzbQFvStC2vBhI0MDr7LVy731Xf2_CcUuY9ZVCuW5SsP856PIOmVQJmf5V3UUxlzLANXU7qSB04na7WanQ7T9o8BrM8/s1600/DSC_0977.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdoubH6COBa7At1oCnp0XSXQnKRQafUSh2R-U2fkfjpvXWCbm3txzbQFvStC2vBhI0MDr7LVy731Xf2_CcUuY9ZVCuW5SsP856PIOmVQJmf5V3UUxlzLANXU7qSB04na7WanQ7T9o8BrM8/s640/DSC_0977.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Bridge from North to South - Photo: KantarAtlas-2017</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Over time the bazaar’s designed spaces and kiosks, had expand and even diffused into the traffic lanes. Then in 2008, all of the bazaars were removed. Currently these spaces are empty and uncared for. There are scary dogs, a very disturbing smell and the feeling around the bridge is not very safe and far from being peaceful or attractive.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">This is a unique bridge with </span><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;">impressive</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> features and design by an architect who created his own style and last but not least it is the part of the nation’s history. Above all, it was finished in 1972, the year of my birth!</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">Hopefully this bridge together with its environment will continue to be a place for Ankarin’s to enjoy and live..</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Location:39.93439, 32.85367</span></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span lang="EN-US">References:</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"><a href="http://www.mimarlikdergisi.com/index.cfm?sayfa=mimarlik&DergiSayi=8&RecID=195"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.mimarlikdergisi.com/index.cfm?sayfa=mimarlik&DergiSayi=8&RecID=195</span></a></span></u><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span lang="EN-US">* Decision of the City Council of Ankara on commissioning Studio Nervi for a bridge construction on Opera Junction, 16 November 1968, no. 82 and Contract signed by Ekrem Barlas the Major of Ankara and Pier Luigi Nervi, 12 April 1969, The Archives of the Greater Municipality of Ankara.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span lang="EN-US">** This information is contained in the correspondence between Antonio Nervi and Haluk Alatan and confirmed by Haluk Alatan during the interview on 5 June 2010. “</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-22480897942024545522018-11-25T05:47:00.003-08:002018-11-25T05:47:24.927-08:00Cobandede Bridge<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5105567794545678492" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="text-align: left;">This 1297 dated bridge is the only surviving "</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilkhanate" style="text-align: left;">Ilkhanate</a><span style="text-align: left;">" bridge monument in
Anatolia.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif;">It is in Erzurum, Hasankale, and served the main road from
Trabzon to Iran providing a direct link for what has always been a vital route.</span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd5PFNj1pDVwhz9NJ81_fVodNEMPbpoSgobW1QPb217dqwZcF4yYIjJKbD1QHpnP1LOOZ4WHat5P1-XmAvLzjLh-BZPNQ3BPAeNVeCEYPQ6n9utdsFcphXxlcDxbkxiIcG926dS-Z2VCwy/s1600/08-COBANDEDE.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="953" data-original-width="1600" height="379" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd5PFNj1pDVwhz9NJ81_fVodNEMPbpoSgobW1QPb217dqwZcF4yYIjJKbD1QHpnP1LOOZ4WHat5P1-XmAvLzjLh-BZPNQ3BPAeNVeCEYPQ6n9utdsFcphXxlcDxbkxiIcG926dS-Z2VCwy/s640/08-COBANDEDE.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge from Culpan</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif;">The Bridge is over the Aras river. It is dated by its inscription and constructed
by the Vizier Emir Coban Noyan from Salduz during the reign of Gazan Mahmud.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicGRcXk6xN_pPJ11O9sDku4l0MjY5_WMLCtErnF8cO4UQWkUpi3tiCtFAhckajRHPA8efNrBIsAyqDwRFMPXjOVfIPPTtbUVLbhxlMUIdweqUH2BNxJ2OawCsaJCDMou9LearxGewrvYtM/s1600/%25C3%2587oban-Dede-K%25C3%25B6pr%25C3%25BCs%25C3%25BC4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="685" data-original-width="1034" height="420" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicGRcXk6xN_pPJ11O9sDku4l0MjY5_WMLCtErnF8cO4UQWkUpi3tiCtFAhckajRHPA8efNrBIsAyqDwRFMPXjOVfIPPTtbUVLbhxlMUIdweqUH2BNxJ2OawCsaJCDMou9LearxGewrvYtM/s640/%25C3%2587oban-Dede-K%25C3%25B6pr%25C3%25BCs%25C3%25BC4.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge Photo from Internet</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Width of the bridge is quite remarkable at 8.5m. It has 6 spans with a total length of 200m. Original bridge had 7 spans but in 1875 the
abutment on Erzurum side collapsed and this span was filled in during repairs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPiVf8cMxCS-rskSpXvnzhPGJGKvS6MZXy_w_ewIdxs8cWtgFrzjwH5OcoZo1poQT8_nL4B5rfwaqbxHIrkbwYPwtLwci3QvH6oGMM1NLfqcxrw77hskTdT8_3y3xpbMSlegiZyS5Rq8h4/s1600/COBANDEDE+-+Copy.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="751" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPiVf8cMxCS-rskSpXvnzhPGJGKvS6MZXy_w_ewIdxs8cWtgFrzjwH5OcoZo1poQT8_nL4B5rfwaqbxHIrkbwYPwtLwci3QvH6oGMM1NLfqcxrw77hskTdT8_3y3xpbMSlegiZyS5Rq8h4/s640/COBANDEDE+-+Copy.png" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge Sketch by Ismet Ilter</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">According to references listed below there were remains of an ancient bridge, collapsed in 1271 , which the current bridge replaced. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnpifiKAmeAWC3z3TJoz2FVIIxOIqHithajyY85NVwfXNaYSDrSpRDRe3exb3LLmbA52X58HmdlgdH44nLk-I8Q_VRuuXUGMXgixvqxHwfWd16kovTYz6bPhoCr14IPhz2YGnbetQJKpRI/s1600/SALT+Ara%25C5%259Ft%25C4%25B1rma-Ali+Saim+%25C3%259Clgen+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="996" data-original-width="1372" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnpifiKAmeAWC3z3TJoz2FVIIxOIqHithajyY85NVwfXNaYSDrSpRDRe3exb3LLmbA52X58HmdlgdH44nLk-I8Q_VRuuXUGMXgixvqxHwfWd16kovTYz6bPhoCr14IPhz2YGnbetQJKpRI/s400/SALT+Ara%25C5%259Ft%25C4%25B1rma-Ali+Saim+%25C3%259Clgen+%25282%2529.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ4u-Lj4DJqRuVMXiXfNsFmzgKmTYi0IELKWRhbehVt_Psa0TpcQAuNdwWDj_qjqxAVhC944SPBox-3iyyxN2m0Ih5ABtootduGvaevJN0zGUR0edRMoBweC0AI0v67Mi9aa8J1ufYAH0c/s1600/20140607_193248.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ4u-Lj4DJqRuVMXiXfNsFmzgKmTYi0IELKWRhbehVt_Psa0TpcQAuNdwWDj_qjqxAVhC944SPBox-3iyyxN2m0Ih5ABtootduGvaevJN0zGUR0edRMoBweC0AI0v67Mi9aa8J1ufYAH0c/s400/20140607_193248.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge Photo from Internet</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Formwork supports for the bridge protrude from the springing level of the arch.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Chambers:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">One of the more unusual feature of the bridge are the spaces within it. All the piers have chambers. The structural reason for the chambers can be to
save material and to reduce the weight on foundations.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKb7Q7Ntv1KkRoU2ocRiVKckbTgyIgfMzqfwCo1AiEg_7bZfBVW6rLAaH0oA3z4ctCErNftr7WKTjjvT7JVti1QzWzJZ4pAo23VkcFapPaNMmROBrpzbv10pIjos44kVBHMZdMJKeD5JdU/s1600/COBANDEDE-1+-+Copy.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="895" data-original-width="1600" height="356" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKb7Q7Ntv1KkRoU2ocRiVKckbTgyIgfMzqfwCo1AiEg_7bZfBVW6rLAaH0oA3z4ctCErNftr7WKTjjvT7JVti1QzWzJZ4pAo23VkcFapPaNMmROBrpzbv10pIjos44kVBHMZdMJKeD5JdU/s640/COBANDEDE-1+-+Copy.png" width="640" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Chambers could have been used as a room for travelers accommodation and for guards protecting the bridge. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Howover, according to İlter these spaces are not meant to be used since
there is no connection between them and also there are no entry-exit designed
for them.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIIV4y42Xdbr-efubRmomP9O357KdR0MaQZhi3lMLBIhGiOz_scbkztI7giNZdLGUE5W5Z3fXjF8zXln4zEyzxDeFjAkKVS9AzIx3TS713iTM45f4WjZ4CMpObfsIokSOuOhU4iLitKfjw/s1600/23409214.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIIV4y42Xdbr-efubRmomP9O357KdR0MaQZhi3lMLBIhGiOz_scbkztI7giNZdLGUE5W5Z3fXjF8zXln4zEyzxDeFjAkKVS9AzIx3TS713iTM45f4WjZ4CMpObfsIokSOuOhU4iLitKfjw/s320/23409214.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge Chanber Entrance from Internet</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The chambers have fairly uniform dimensions of app. 4mx6m each with a height of 4m at minimum level. The chambers also
extend into the cutwaters on each side. Indeed this is quite a big space to be used for any purpose.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">There are small windows for the chambers in nearly all of the piers on the downstream side but only one facing upstream.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">At the deck level, there is one opening providing access to each chamber.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Chambers are supported above by 3
vaults. These arches are supported by timbers, probably the formwork left in
place. Timber was also used in foundations and had been observed during the
dry season as reported by Ilter.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">From Culpan we learn a wooden grill and horasan mortar was used in foundations.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Pier Details:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Piers have similar geometry across the bridge. They are semi circles downstream
and triangular on the upstream side at foundation level.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRdSPksj6IfJLyhuFd0L0APEZsBdDxk2zkRwYywkm8J_f0FNbZ8SnFPGgx5UKg1S3O6J47lpN3ITf48LiKkmwf6A_dTcK3GwUTfPA4xrWQJA4qk-Gj6IghJJMoii9NotpdYTnLNwAvbtcW/s1600/08-COBANDEDE-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1175" data-original-width="1600" height="468" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRdSPksj6IfJLyhuFd0L0APEZsBdDxk2zkRwYywkm8J_f0FNbZ8SnFPGgx5UKg1S3O6J47lpN3ITf48LiKkmwf6A_dTcK3GwUTfPA4xrWQJA4qk-Gj6IghJJMoii9NotpdYTnLNwAvbtcW/s640/08-COBANDEDE-1.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Upstream the triangular bases rise to an ornament line at springing level of the arch. Then continue with polygon shape until another
ornamental line and above which there is a triangular finish.</span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7Sf82B5GEZ8OwOSfwB-HbBw6kT4LIXcCWW5fmiWxbMaqdB88IuoyBXe129ElsYFEBgdbFrw9nnA6C462Yft5rHm_7Iyc8GFtp4kWbl5cFpLDIXq_PxXG4ZSm9JIo6vt_8AFkPunC0k54l/s1600/08-COBANDEDE-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1140" data-original-width="1600" height="452" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7Sf82B5GEZ8OwOSfwB-HbBw6kT4LIXcCWW5fmiWxbMaqdB88IuoyBXe129ElsYFEBgdbFrw9nnA6C462Yft5rHm_7Iyc8GFtp4kWbl5cFpLDIXq_PxXG4ZSm9JIo6vt_8AFkPunC0k54l/s640/08-COBANDEDE-3.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">On the downstream side, the circular bases rise to 3 ornamental lines at sprininging </span>level of the arch. They then continue as a polygon until 2 ornament
lines followed by the same triangular finish.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjklKLfvdaYKgKiDqI6rSy5l6FbKU_F2tU814Z5kK6R23nzUgc8TqjNLcGP-gWF7nNIAteVRG9Acia2L36lrAjAth-VrJx49O40w_4DO43e4RQwYZSnLyc7Fp2VUr2zLvcpgqyUEK0G7CQu/s1600/106.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1452" data-original-width="1600" height="362" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjklKLfvdaYKgKiDqI6rSy5l6FbKU_F2tU814Z5kK6R23nzUgc8TqjNLcGP-gWF7nNIAteVRG9Acia2L36lrAjAth-VrJx49O40w_4DO43e4RQwYZSnLyc7Fp2VUr2zLvcpgqyUEK0G7CQu/s400/106.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">This is quite complex and different
geometry. The Piers all have the same shapes but their dimensions all
vary, none of them are the same. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUN-4Rekv1XIBYt9IM6rpOntEmGgx1n8siT89aUKF98A_rb5Ko8W_DICOvnQ9_VBImUkuQGUaNKOvD8NeBo9gGdXynhkq7xI51nXbUe-v-aM9c5e1EPhJa9l_oJJkGXQcYB1hEvL79QNrv/s1600/08-COBANDEDE-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1583" data-original-width="1145" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUN-4Rekv1XIBYt9IM6rpOntEmGgx1n8siT89aUKF98A_rb5Ko8W_DICOvnQ9_VBImUkuQGUaNKOvD8NeBo9gGdXynhkq7xI51nXbUe-v-aM9c5e1EPhJa9l_oJJkGXQcYB1hEvL79QNrv/s400/08-COBANDEDE-2.jpg" width="287" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge Detail-Culpan</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">For example the height of the circular
sections are 4.10-3.55-4.40-4.40-4.50m, all different. </span>Therefore it seems that the bridge was not
constructed with measurements.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil9fFemnzi3eSrL1pIbMqAu8e9C4pW29li7rK2zoMtXSLHZgbTSuU9EF5_jhlsn3gUVdszXiW-a1jbHC-Yz-hkiu4APktaXt3MYQzqffqx9tQXyJXovtmS6OwION8jHAgFN9MreFi-a_2A/s1600/107.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="990" data-original-width="1600" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil9fFemnzi3eSrL1pIbMqAu8e9C4pW29li7rK2zoMtXSLHZgbTSuU9EF5_jhlsn3gUVdszXiW-a1jbHC-Yz-hkiu4APktaXt3MYQzqffqx9tQXyJXovtmS6OwION8jHAgFN9MreFi-a_2A/s400/107.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge Detail-Ilter</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The geometrical changes at piers are connected by ornament lines. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn0Z45XigBCUcsoJR54sggPl319im-uD2Ycq-F3OJECvelbm-Kc53F91sdPwtwLBlC_tvnHU3rR4IiMkh53dGjCLNZzPSQTHtH_axrMOm4Q_Nr0-uMnMYvHGHZ7MDI884BGUL6itXaLaRn/s1600/108.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="974" data-original-width="1600" height="242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn0Z45XigBCUcsoJR54sggPl319im-uD2Ycq-F3OJECvelbm-Kc53F91sdPwtwLBlC_tvnHU3rR4IiMkh53dGjCLNZzPSQTHtH_axrMOm4Q_Nr0-uMnMYvHGHZ7MDI884BGUL6itXaLaRn/s400/108.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge Detail-Ilter</span></td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge Details:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0brahim_Hakk%C4%B1_Konyal%C4%B1" style="font-weight: bold;">Konyalı</a><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0brahim_Hakk%C4%B1_Konyal%C4%B1" style="font-weight: bold;"> </a>describes
some facade ornaments on bridge spandrel walls like </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">a glass, shime (sun-shaped reliefs), cypress, bird and ebony reliefs. Between
two cypress reliefs the date 1875 is carved.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifrv3jYANaypIkgkwUY16BqpLuff9qVpYeslbYTcq8LtS99N6Tl6Ug4N_U96mdEwqDugH2eEMsHGYUYL9iXXjFLYcFCXLv91GAn44KBtp965-LB5n4_h0u9uSibhGOkm76IRiFSP5dlyoE/s1600/%25C3%2587oban-Dede-K%25C3%25B6pr%25C3%25BCs%25C3%25BC1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="685" data-original-width="1034" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifrv3jYANaypIkgkwUY16BqpLuff9qVpYeslbYTcq8LtS99N6Tl6Ug4N_U96mdEwqDugH2eEMsHGYUYL9iXXjFLYcFCXLv91GAn44KBtp965-LB5n4_h0u9uSibhGOkm76IRiFSP5dlyoE/s400/%25C3%2587oban-Dede-K%25C3%25B6pr%25C3%25BCs%25C3%25BC1.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">From Konyalı, we also learn that during the
War, soldiers opened acess holes from 3 locations at the top of the bridge and placed iron stairs into the chambers while taking measures to dynamite
the bridge if necessary.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> <b>Inscriptions:</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif;">1st inscription is on west side (upstream side). It is worn and cannot
be read. Konyalı describes this as framed and ornamented. It is believed that
this inscription has been lost before the time of Murat IV (1623-1640).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">2nd Inscription is on the east on the south side (Yagankoy side) of the bridge.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkCxthRbkQg69CgEfjhRQYvqO9o2jgVQq16O6jQEMqvKB3_ZjpvXArBTMtgaUeJ-6f-AmTCer7Tkjfhu_P4SGDakJIHkJz30AbjDijSARl1zuN0ZfoeckQTi5wRNI7OTDa0NG-3BnSH1TT/s1600/08-COBANDEDE+K%25C3%2596PR%25C3%259C+K%25C4%25B0TABES%25C4%25B0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1022" data-original-width="689" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkCxthRbkQg69CgEfjhRQYvqO9o2jgVQq16O6jQEMqvKB3_ZjpvXArBTMtgaUeJ-6f-AmTCer7Tkjfhu_P4SGDakJIHkJz30AbjDijSARl1zuN0ZfoeckQTi5wRNI7OTDa0NG-3BnSH1TT/s320/08-COBANDEDE+K%25C3%2596PR%25C3%259C+K%25C4%25B0TABES%25C4%25B0.jpg" width="214" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Inscription from Tunc</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">It is between parapets and has deteriorated with time.
Only two words “Şah“ and "enşee“ can be read.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">3 rd inscription belongs to the repair dated 1727. It is 4 lines
in Arabic and given below as translated by Konyalı.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif;">During the construction of Erzurum-Hasankale railway in 1946 and 1948, 300.000 TL was spent for its repair.</span></div>
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<span style="text-align: justify;">The bridge is made of stones of
different colours red, black and gray.
They are brought from Komigi village just 6km away .</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Location: 3</span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">9.97007, 41.88851</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">References</span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">:</span></span></div>
<span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">https://www.scribd.com/document/350883502/Cobandede-Koprusu-nihai-Rapor</span></span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-24190907418185450552018-11-25T05:45:00.000-08:002018-11-25T05:45:11.698-08:00Ceziret bin Omar <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">An Extraordinary bridge remnant stands in an isolated island called Caziret ibn Omar. It was crossing over Tigris and it </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">is 20km south of the Turkish town Cizre on the Syrian side of the border.</span></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVPvsSHqb5RdeL5iRdoQEHZE3Eq9sUw16AiW8H2zJMFQ-3gUQ7GmMCzbWafCD7KDyhgHbWpKUY20pNkjSW0JVVqcsd6LVGqy_MrN7_bX8RggzcEDDHS2qJjcsBCRVpe58qNBtLUyhhbBbh/s1600/1907+DICLE.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="437" data-original-width="682" height="408" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVPvsSHqb5RdeL5iRdoQEHZE3Eq9sUw16AiW8H2zJMFQ-3gUQ7GmMCzbWafCD7KDyhgHbWpKUY20pNkjSW0JVVqcsd6LVGqy_MrN7_bX8RggzcEDDHS2qJjcsBCRVpe58qNBtLUyhhbBbh/s640/1907+DICLE.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Card Postal from Internet</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Nowadays the bridge is on the west of the Tigris's current riverbed. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br />The bridge has been in a ruined state from the date it is first documented. The oldest document I found is the sketch in Muller-Simon's travel book. In this the bridge is shown with its standing piers and arches but I'm not sure if this was accurate at the time or a reconstitution by the artists.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbX8fUlk-YW-4OhrAYtC7E3TR12VoarU1sZxcItObydoMYxeBZr3TBj1TEeUD-_YcPyQTPSPOZk4vy7qwvFRfa8pRQzAewMQujPPpNTX9oJREgv0x_onbswtnHMZ1nm1Pg71cH3_27opkm/s1600/Vom_Kaukasus_zum_Persischen_Meerbusen+267.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="936" data-original-width="1600" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbX8fUlk-YW-4OhrAYtC7E3TR12VoarU1sZxcItObydoMYxeBZr3TBj1TEeUD-_YcPyQTPSPOZk4vy7qwvFRfa8pRQzAewMQujPPpNTX9oJREgv0x_onbswtnHMZ1nm1Pg71cH3_27opkm/s400/Vom_Kaukasus_zum_Persischen_Meerbusen+267.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Lichtdruck von J. B. Obernetter München.translated as Photographic print by J. B. Obernetter Munich.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif;">Since then, even though the location was not always easy or safe to visit due to its strategic and remote position on the border between Turkey and Syria , it has been documented by travellers and researchers. </span></div>
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<br />
Conrad Presusser 1911, Getrude Bell 1909 and Fugen Ilter 1970 are some of the researchers who visited the site and documented the bridge with original photographs.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqQq4jVKseIAFPNVTBUkFjc7rsebC2kBMN5_8LiATOXG0UNVhCipwb909SkfLNVw8y_h26ZzfwXJRrfDPr9lwMBh9tPTgdKWOJaXOmc0iQI47Ia8Me_4nXFVI9Ddo-dS1wE2Wm-3nNpDnJ/s1600/tara0002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1106" data-original-width="1600" height="442" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqQq4jVKseIAFPNVTBUkFjc7rsebC2kBMN5_8LiATOXG0UNVhCipwb909SkfLNVw8y_h26ZzfwXJRrfDPr9lwMBh9tPTgdKWOJaXOmc0iQI47Ia8Me_4nXFVI9Ddo-dS1wE2Wm-3nNpDnJ/s640/tara0002.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Skecth by Ismet Ilter</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<div style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">A Recent publication by David Nicole and Persis Berlekamp provides a good summary and explanation of the bridge's decorations. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Currently there are two groups declining the bridge as theirs; one consists of the antiquarians and the other is medieval historians, each group tending to classify the bridge into their own territory.</span><br />
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<div style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">“ Classicists have long thought the Jazirat b. ʿUmar bridge was initially built as part of the long-lost Roman city of Bezabde (Phaenicia), howover medievalists have long identified it with the bridge credited to the Zangid’s vizier Jamal al-Din al-Isfahani (d. 1163-4) by the chronicler Ibn al-Athir (1160).”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">There is also a suggestion that bridge was never actually completed based on the same chronicle of Ibn al-Athir.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA12cukkss-Ie3ZC5fnbpuoUtB911_ndcreyDWRMChyoX9siYagSsBv-s9Z-uBoUq42vbIBo6Jx6XOx6Lw3Ee5RgsFL05f06Kld7xJMQ7MOd1OKMp84IpI46BMgLAf9hD5Bdr4hZhAfErD/s1600/img-6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="546" data-original-width="800" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA12cukkss-Ie3ZC5fnbpuoUtB911_ndcreyDWRMChyoX9siYagSsBv-s9Z-uBoUq42vbIBo6Jx6XOx6Lw3Ee5RgsFL05f06Kld7xJMQ7MOd1OKMp84IpI46BMgLAf9hD5Bdr4hZhAfErD/s400/img-6.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Photo from Internet</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The Bridge would have had a considerable span of app. 36m which is close to Malabadi's span of 38.6m but shorter than Hasankeyf Bridge which had nearly 45m span. These three bridges are all in the same region and have the same features of ornamentation.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLY-ANT8LyXicsW1DY0Sg14g5rdQt_t4uNmrJjGjjbDJ7XDhu1CbYossrEvyfiND1db0SSsUgK3jCK5Zkc-7xl6C_YNSfnPjmX6tgOYwRMTwfaVGqrI6x7CvvELszfXuQevZ5scou6HXY2/s1600/Yeni+Resim+%25281%2529.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="485" data-original-width="795" height="388" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLY-ANT8LyXicsW1DY0Sg14g5rdQt_t4uNmrJjGjjbDJ7XDhu1CbYossrEvyfiND1db0SSsUgK3jCK5Zkc-7xl6C_YNSfnPjmX6tgOYwRMTwfaVGqrI6x7CvvELszfXuQevZ5scou6HXY2/s640/Yeni+Resim+%25281%2529.png" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Skecth by Ismet Ilter</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Hasankeyf also had panels with standing sculptures carved on them and Malabadi had astrological figures as well. Being similar and from the same region and era, it is worthwhile to consider them together. Therefore in this blog all classified as "Artuqid's Bridges".</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhivCCDNXmTM9D-4RjWsAK_E-0xohUrYdGp8PgJTls9u8TuD_qCDkp_aMo52rIE6qMlTB1-mC91iNi_g19nKb-revJVDk_RzaeXAZjpC9sOLxZGZbno-0KpMwPW42LpWrk8wmRjZ3NW0CXJ/s1600/tara0009.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="849" data-original-width="1197" height="451" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhivCCDNXmTM9D-4RjWsAK_E-0xohUrYdGp8PgJTls9u8TuD_qCDkp_aMo52rIE6qMlTB1-mC91iNi_g19nKb-revJVDk_RzaeXAZjpC9sOLxZGZbno-0KpMwPW42LpWrk8wmRjZ3NW0CXJ/s640/tara0009.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Photo from Ilter</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Width of Ceziret bridge at 8m is beyond Malabadi 7.2m and Hasankeyf 6.5m, and even more than the Roman Cendere Bridge with 7.5m wide which is in this vicinity as well. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicSpk31kkiG49R-7meSA5saJxhUXV0hi0QdnhvjC8N9kFdUP1pOgpq2kb6-y47vXklYWfkZJHFODv1CgmsFbeBQtUqqMQ24d5JDwR3VkAnH8XpV7Qnbrhj4p00PTcGRO7_0fcbhIyVYDoJ/s1600/img-5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="527" data-original-width="800" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicSpk31kkiG49R-7meSA5saJxhUXV0hi0QdnhvjC8N9kFdUP1pOgpq2kb6-y47vXklYWfkZJHFODv1CgmsFbeBQtUqqMQ24d5JDwR3VkAnH8XpV7Qnbrhj4p00PTcGRO7_0fcbhIyVYDoJ/s400/img-5.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Photo from Internet</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Ilter, in 1962, records that the bridge's western abutment existed at that time with 7 rows of stonework with the first pier standing up to springing level. Pier 2 also stands mostly in ruins as wider than P1. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Ilter also provides a possible sketch for the bridge. In this sketch the pier in the middle of the bridge is assumed as is the symmetry about this axes. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Preusser previously had concluded one span of an assumed 60m distance between the two standing piers (in ruins) with 5 total spans.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPxi4m8lX0Nnp_VrKsNnETyXza_MNDS_vilGNr_SQypZY_aiplbCLc8Vvm-6jczNsIiLgGYASWTp9Hj84XZLnw4hcAaj3T2pKTmScmTSd7_WJGhJOcqNZuElsKo_ieYD25SZ0ahgPwj0fJ/s1600/tara0010.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPxi4m8lX0Nnp_VrKsNnETyXza_MNDS_vilGNr_SQypZY_aiplbCLc8Vvm-6jczNsIiLgGYASWTp9Hj84XZLnw4hcAaj3T2pKTmScmTSd7_WJGhJOcqNZuElsKo_ieYD25SZ0ahgPwj0fJ/s400/tara0010.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Photo from Culpan</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Ilter measures this distance as 81m on site then concludes that it was to long for one span therefore drawing 2 spans for this space.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">I believe there are other arch configurations that could have fitted better for this space with lower height than current bridge sketch given by İlter which has considerable humpback. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">I hope that further future site studies will reveal more for the geometry of the bridge.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRsIm4BAbEAGYKFF7P5fYj_rQjYYzRDCEAOXKT2OQjQVRX1XAi98ep7vEaisYEk3rYfiBQBIOirOX0Y4nFgESmULB7GPRSQzhXIWm_4LyCFQz-6a-YibbzR0vn6DM3wHtAMiJz9C7oX3-O/s1600/19301-39040-1-PB-okuma-1.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="755" data-original-width="1181" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRsIm4BAbEAGYKFF7P5fYj_rQjYYzRDCEAOXKT2OQjQVRX1XAi98ep7vEaisYEk3rYfiBQBIOirOX0Y4nFgESmULB7GPRSQzhXIWm_4LyCFQz-6a-YibbzR0vn6DM3wHtAMiJz9C7oX3-O/s400/19301-39040-1-PB-okuma-1.bmp" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">An important attraction of this bridge are the limestone reliefs at the springing level of the pier. Zodiac figures are carved on these panels along with some Arabic words. Limestone panels with light colors are placed on the basalt stone, so the contrast provided makes the panels really visible. Many descriptions have been published for them, therefore I will not describe them here again in detail.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHEfC_XKQIqC80WS054vwqfFOmZ2h03S866WGp61X1l9RRCVbHsTOy1YwuGBj_zY5Fq0O-SXbJVWvH84RnxlTZ07KK8XofpgW9QzmvP1I4HoGYIs9KSWLSFD0fKCt7Wb1hetTfJo2K66OF/s1600/tara00110.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="858" data-original-width="1314" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHEfC_XKQIqC80WS054vwqfFOmZ2h03S866WGp61X1l9RRCVbHsTOy1YwuGBj_zY5Fq0O-SXbJVWvH84RnxlTZ07KK8XofpgW9QzmvP1I4HoGYIs9KSWLSFD0fKCt7Wb1hetTfJo2K66OF/s400/tara00110.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Another interesting ornamentation is the mirror image of the kufic style Arabic word on the upstream side of the bridge. This is read as " al-ḥamd" meaning «Praise".</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Ilter explains this text as "Yemliha" and attributes it to the belief that it protected structures from natural disasters like earthquake.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Looking at the bridge with only one standing arch and its piers, I can’t say much. But it seems likely that this is an original construction not a later repair of an existing bridge as also declared by some publications. This bridge appears similar to Hasankeyf with a more conventional design of full mass piers whereas Hasankeyf has a gallery opening to walk through.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Panels on the Bridge are neither complete planets nor 12 zodiacs. There are also sun and moon images included; therefore it is not possible to make any conclusion on the overall meaning of the panels. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBm9U3i1eCyDXQ_kTGN40yoAensRQVwMo1y13Opz7TI4Skwv0vtJWeZ0Q2qHES_dKk2fqSS3EC6f_9R5Ngl2dknp-aWBHKGkVKJxhuTKPLEj15TBo_nmJNowBd92WNebxMLmFj6qYtiHbn/s1600/burc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="404" data-original-width="1600" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBm9U3i1eCyDXQ_kTGN40yoAensRQVwMo1y13Opz7TI4Skwv0vtJWeZ0Q2qHES_dKk2fqSS3EC6f_9R5Ngl2dknp-aWBHKGkVKJxhuTKPLEj15TBo_nmJNowBd92WNebxMLmFj6qYtiHbn/s640/burc.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Panels contain in order from left to right:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">1 - Saturn and Libra, 2 - Jupiter and Cancer, 3 - Mars and Capricorn, 4 – the Sun and Leo, 5 - Venus and Pisces , 6 - Mercury and Virgo, 7 - the Moon and Taurus, 8 - Sagittarius and, being badly damaged, an unidentified serpent </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Location:39.97007, 41.88851</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">References:</span></div>
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<a href="http://journals.openedition.org/beo/1404"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">http://journals.openedition.org/beo/1404</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfvii.5.2017"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfvii.5.2017</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Müller-Simonis, Paul: Vom Kaukasus zum persischen meerbusen, Durch Armenien, Kurdistan und Mesopota- mien. Mainz, Kirchheim, 1897, 251-264.</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5105567794545678492.post-50126725861870197122018-11-14T09:51:00.002-08:002018-11-14T09:51:39.363-08:00Sahruh Bridge<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Sahruh
Bridge is the only bridge from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beylik_of_Dulkadir">Dulkadiris</a> in Anatolia. It is in the city of Kayseri,
in Karaözü town and crosses over the Kızılırmak where it provided a connection for old Kayseri - Sivas road.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEXGpo6Lk2lMF9dYu1xTazb1OHoCpAU1kOJpWdWRDHU-QDKLmvhqIUBwdPRAOhgQnsrJVzP6xRPhApSiX8BKV3XcNeZd2WPmIAHeQpB1MLLBz2fApsI3L81RccdgUQU5gu37ErX3-iNlDv/s1600/maxresdefault.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEXGpo6Lk2lMF9dYu1xTazb1OHoCpAU1kOJpWdWRDHU-QDKLmvhqIUBwdPRAOhgQnsrJVzP6xRPhApSiX8BKV3XcNeZd2WPmIAHeQpB1MLLBz2fApsI3L81RccdgUQU5gu37ErX3-iNlDv/s640/maxresdefault.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge from Internet</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; text-align: justify;">The bridge
has 8 spans and rises in a gradual gradient towards the centre with increasing span lengths. The length of the bridge is 155 m, and the width is 5.80 m. Parapets are 0.65
m high. The largest span is 12 m. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJDMq3xpf58MnHV7VS-6pzAfCJ2MWr77Ra5gh5PQe5RBTDgfpYYOB247T7KhFTVHQseZhwE8yFJQyhQSm3w_DbxQgu1trjNFDwdWUnXmKDVNuXBq2jse7SW5LsRZeX2WMi3AtGAS5U6FII/s1600/2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJDMq3xpf58MnHV7VS-6pzAfCJ2MWr77Ra5gh5PQe5RBTDgfpYYOB247T7KhFTVHQseZhwE8yFJQyhQSm3w_DbxQgu1trjNFDwdWUnXmKDVNuXBq2jse7SW5LsRZeX2WMi3AtGAS5U6FII/s640/2.JPG" width="480" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2003</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Cutwaters
are triangular on upstream side and polygon on downstream. </span><b>Arches have two
rings on upstream and one ring on downstream side</b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">. It seems like sides of the
bridge detailed different may be constructed by different masons, one worked on
upstream and the other on downstream side. It may also be the explained by later widening of the bridge.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-T7y4uZPhzFjvVGcfCeyukna8AFr0HR7cU51jjQpAk-I4xJOVHeDdds-fsRPk5hly3X4xcpbJssY5cXQwkzih-gJ2peZvMpDKyG2QXMYEM3tQZYjfTvU1X0-MirULys8UW9SIApOKw5J3/s1600/5.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1184" data-original-width="1584" height="474" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-T7y4uZPhzFjvVGcfCeyukna8AFr0HR7cU51jjQpAk-I4xJOVHeDdds-fsRPk5hly3X4xcpbJssY5cXQwkzih-gJ2peZvMpDKyG2QXMYEM3tQZYjfTvU1X0-MirULys8UW9SIApOKw5J3/s640/5.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bridge by KantarAtlas-2003</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bridge
is made from ashlar stones. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif";">Date of the bridge is determined through the archieved documents which </span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif";">belong to the Foundation established by Sahruh Bey. It atates that the Kara</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif";">özü and Ağçekışla village income to be used for the maintenance of the Sahruh bridge. This is accepted as the evidence for the construction of the bridge in 1492 by Sahruh.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></b>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Decorations:<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif";"><b><br /></b></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif";"><b>Lion Motif: </b>T</span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">he rectangular stone placed on the arch of first span on upstream
side during the repair. This motif has a lion and grape fruit and dates on top
give 1910.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDZoHpoO26XxMAgt1TwKzvOz4gzIQBpSPXGL3PUJgVdY6fextgbuPr85itxU8u5HjOt-VwVE10nMm53t0rDfgqC0sAkqiifHt3YxG2GeK2TENhehc6aEHynq2y3n_nAG6jZ1y6VV9CftUb/s1600/Kayseri+Tas+Kopruleri-cizim_Page_26.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="994" data-original-width="1444" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDZoHpoO26XxMAgt1TwKzvOz4gzIQBpSPXGL3PUJgVdY6fextgbuPr85itxU8u5HjOt-VwVE10nMm53t0rDfgqC0sAkqiifHt3YxG2GeK2TENhehc6aEHynq2y3n_nAG6jZ1y6VV9CftUb/s400/Kayseri+Tas+Kopruleri-cizim_Page_26.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Lion Motif by KantarAtlas-2003</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif";">Prayer Unit : </span></b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">There
is a U-shaped stone probably broken from a prayer unit.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUNkXn2XoT71Gf9NmIK8zSJ9U0hndv3OO0kVCsJeJytmovvdG6NthTNFF27vs_rO1JLAhFh-9nGgqn7UEhAGbMvEtkLLRM96tfdIcrdxdbKa7rjgPf6glTEo4XXtvzNZIxHoHvvOYTVUa3/s1600/HPIM1626.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUNkXn2XoT71Gf9NmIK8zSJ9U0hndv3OO0kVCsJeJytmovvdG6NthTNFF27vs_rO1JLAhFh-9nGgqn7UEhAGbMvEtkLLRM96tfdIcrdxdbKa7rjgPf6glTEo4XXtvzNZIxHoHvvOYTVUa3/s400/HPIM1626.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Prayer unit by KantarAtlas-2003</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>Drainage
units</b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> can be seen on the bridge some through the parapet and some above the cutwaters
intended to drain the water through the spandrel walls.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">One
of them is carved as the head of an animal from a sculpture piece, it is probably probably
spoilen from another structure.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNLXg0x5eeQ07cXQ0cu0EDB1ye9Jxvuo6eGWBRruBHBajG36hFNrR6vsro35Pd_v6MlB5bnBBoP60741Ap-ilPZKBdtmG5pHKoQs98e-JhPwNwIrfoGAchocR4bw5g5FWmP84GfuyPXNXw/s1600/Kayseri+Tas+Kopruleri-cizim_Page_27.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="991" data-original-width="1475" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNLXg0x5eeQ07cXQ0cu0EDB1ye9Jxvuo6eGWBRruBHBajG36hFNrR6vsro35Pd_v6MlB5bnBBoP60741Ap-ilPZKBdtmG5pHKoQs98e-JhPwNwIrfoGAchocR4bw5g5FWmP84GfuyPXNXw/s320/Kayseri+Tas+Kopruleri-cizim_Page_27.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Drainage unit y KantarAtlas-2003</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">There
are 3 inscriptions related to this bridge but none of them belongs to its construction.
All these inscriptions are today in Sivas Museum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Inscription 1
is dated 1217 of marble stone with dimensions 91x81cm. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj_5fQZdKniSy-TaWqQO7zZNO646D-vhhbOIcIpAx5CkMn8bZjy0fRmLSHNNu7QkCrTygrFVPvmAAM3320tA3Uy5bC_gExJs8d4BqQKXwPmlPta-DXWScE5mEJ3I_10Z-SUNNO2C6R-br4/s1600/14-SAHRUH+KITABESI+-+Copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="887" data-original-width="844" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj_5fQZdKniSy-TaWqQO7zZNO646D-vhhbOIcIpAx5CkMn8bZjy0fRmLSHNNu7QkCrTygrFVPvmAAM3320tA3Uy5bC_gExJs8d4BqQKXwPmlPta-DXWScE5mEJ3I_10Z-SUNNO2C6R-br4/s400/14-SAHRUH+KITABESI+-+Copy.jpg" width="378" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="text-align: justify;">Inscription 1</span> from Culpan</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">This
4 row inscription refers to another bridge called Ertokus Bridge. It is not
exactly known which bridge is referred to but a strong probability is one of which remains can be found
1km west of Sahruh Bridge.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">This
inscription is read as: “The construction of this bridge ordered by Emir Ertokus
during the reign of Aladdin Keykubat bin Keyhusrev, dated 1217.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif";">Inscription 2</span></b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif";"> is dated 1538 and belongs to a
repair. It is a 84x67cm marble stone with 3 rows.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxQVCpsDqPbNS3z-hwStoWW4T4lemRPHQwcdH15qOW_pvfbacFm4buKddWNOr3nTbv1vl3kZhCLQnJ0G58kQ4oBOEwNflVy0S0qAsIDszClPCoX0dUrDDp5DUkHFjF53AOwQEvDo0rYjDi/s1600/Kayseri+Tas+Kopruleri-cizim_Page_29.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="928" data-original-width="1297" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxQVCpsDqPbNS3z-hwStoWW4T4lemRPHQwcdH15qOW_pvfbacFm4buKddWNOr3nTbv1vl3kZhCLQnJ0G58kQ4oBOEwNflVy0S0qAsIDszClPCoX0dUrDDp5DUkHFjF53AOwQEvDo0rYjDi/s400/Kayseri+Tas+Kopruleri-cizim_Page_29.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Inscription 2 from Internet</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">“Bridge
is repaired by Mehmet Han son of Şahruh dated 1538” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif";">Inscription
3 also belongs to the repair of the bridge. It is on marble again with </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">63x37 cm. dimensions. Text is worn away but still can be read as “This bridge is by Ahmet Bey from Sasanians</span><i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT;">,
dated 1163 “</span></i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT;"><br /></span></i></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpvZfwD205A2SeqaVaSPTKYocZCNdXRBFuYtUyBywYzAWlz90I801CJKOvjuDIJFW2rsjd7JE0a7S320pyL7wltC_qgGXRflrSyx7sI5uwqSNz2Ti-66a9VTv41W8yqwHoC3mQ6-jaBj7D/s1600/14-SAHRUH++KOPRU+KITABESI.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1162" data-original-width="1600" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpvZfwD205A2SeqaVaSPTKYocZCNdXRBFuYtUyBywYzAWlz90I801CJKOvjuDIJFW2rsjd7JE0a7S320pyL7wltC_qgGXRflrSyx7sI5uwqSNz2Ti-66a9VTv41W8yqwHoC3mQ6-jaBj7D/s400/14-SAHRUH++KOPRU+KITABESI.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Inscription 3 from Culpan</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Other Repairs:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">There
are repairs mentioned in other inscriptions of other monuments belonging to foundation </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">established by Sahruh Bey</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">, these inscriptions
are dated 1744 and 1750 both done by Ahmet Bey son of Sahruh.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">There
have been extensive renovations in 1910 and 1935, and the bridge underwent later repairs by the General Directorate of Highways in 1957, and again lastly in 1998.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Location: 39.18284, 35.93815</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">References:</span></div>
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